Search results

...are designed to measure simultaneously O₂ flux and the Q-redox state in isolated mitochondria and permeabilized cells. ...t D072]] simultaneous determination of O₂ flux and the Q-redox state in isolated mitochondria and cells permeabilized previously to addition to

...er electron transfer pathways are also analyzed in OXPHOS (FN, FNS) and ET-state (FNS, S). :::+ The protocol provides information on F-pathway in OXPHOS state with palmitoylcarnitine, a long-chain acylcarnitine commonly found ''in viv

...er electron transfer pathways are also analyzed in OXPHOS (FN, FNS) and ET-state (FNS, S). :::+ The protocol provides information on F-pathway in OXPHOS state with palmitoylcarnitine, a long-chain acylcarnitine commonly found ''in viv

...r W (2016) Adapting high-resolution respirometry to glucose-limited steady state mycelium of the filamentous fungus ''Penicillium ochrochloron'': method dev ...lium and a direct transfer of a broth sample into the respirometer. Steady state respiration was 29% below its maximum respiratory capacity. Additionally to

...of the Q-junction, respectively, impacts the relation between the Q redox state and O₂ flux in opposite directions. Therefore, our aim was to ch ...he NextGen-O2k with Q-Module to measure O₂ flux and the Q redox state simultaneously, using CoQ₂ as a probe [3]. Cryopreserved HEK 293

...tate| S]] and [[NADH Electron transfer-pathway state| N-]] pathway control state. ...s to be determined. Higher concentrations of oligomycin may inhibit the ET state.

...O₂ flux, H₂O₂ flux, and coenzyme Q redox state. AussieMit 2018 Melbourne AU. ...an altered Q redox state. We analyzed the relationship between the Q redox state, H₂O₂ and O₂ fluxes with fuel substrates p

...coli leads to a corresponding decrease in the enzyme's operational steady-state affinity for O2. This demonstrates directly that fast electron transfer bet

...Rich PR, Gnaiger E (2021) Coupling and pathway control of coenzyme Q redox state and respiration in isolated mitochondria. https://doi.org/10.26124/mitofit: ...omlodi_2021_MitoFit_Q.pdf Coupling and pathway control of coenzyme Q redox state and respiration in isolated mitochondria]

...getic fingerprinting with coupling and pathway control of coenzyme Q redox state and respiration in permeabilized HEK 293T cells. 56^th Annual Sci We characterised the Q redox state in pathway and coupling control using the Oroboros NextGen-O2k with the ele

! Respiratory state ...ate with type N substrates, N_''L'': Non-phosphorylating resting state with NADH-linked (type N) substrates pyruvate&glutamate&malate (PGM; withou

...support NADH-linked respiration. Oligomycin (Omy) is used to induce a LEAK state of respiration via the inhibition of the ATP synthase. Since higher concent ...sed [[Mitochondrial membrane potential|mt-membrane potential]] in the LEAK state.

...that supports succinate-linked respiration (succinate-induced respiratory state; previously used nomenclature: CII-linked respiration; SRot; see [[Gnaiger The S-pathway control state is usually induced in mt-preparations by addition of succinate&rotenone. In

|abbr=''ET-pathway state'' ...state]]s. [[Coupling-control state]]s require [[Electron-transfer-pathway state|ET-pathway competent states]], including oxygen supply. [[Categories of SUI

...f the ATP synthase. Since higher concentrations of Omy can decrease the ET state induced upon addition of uncoupler, the required concentration of Omy has t ...sed [[Mitochondrial membrane potential|mt-membrane potential]] in the LEAK state.

...f the ATP synthase. Since higher concentrations of Omy can decrease the ET state induced upon addition of uncoupler, the required concentration of Omy has t ...sed [[Mitochondrial membrane potential|mt-membrane potential]] in the LEAK state.

...ate]] of respiration, whereas the cytochromes are in a more oxidized redox state. |mitopedia concept=Respiratory state, Find

...(NS > S). However, in some types of mitochondria, rotenone added in the NS-state elicits a paradoxical increase in ''J''_O₂, revealing ::::# Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA - [email protected]

...in the LEAK state. Pyruvate (P) supports [[NADH Electron transfer-pathway state|NADH-pathway (N)]], and usually in the presence of ADP it does not increase ...s protocol is designed to evaluate RET in the S-linked pathway in the LEAK state, which is decreased by ADP due to reduction of the mt-membrane potential.

...s: Continuous monitoring of pull and push control of respiration and redox state of the Q-mimetic CoQ₂. Q10 Hamburg. ...mplemented into the Oroboros NextGen-O2k to monitor continuously the redox state of CoQ2 added as a Q-mimetic simultaneously with O2 consumption (Komlódi e

...without the involvement of the [[complex II]] ([[Succinate pathway control state| S-pathway]]). It can be useful to understand the contribution and the acti ...pathway state| N-pathway]] is lower and of the [[Succinate pathway control state| S-pathway]] is higher with GM compared to PM (GMP is inhibited by the CII

Let's face it: even the state-of-the-art terminology and the many inconsistent variations are not commonl An even worse mistake: we say ‘[[Complex I&II-linked substrate state |CI<small>&</small>II]]’ (or a previous mistake: ‘CI+II’: ''are the t

...nterpart of the soluble mitochondrial cytochrome c, in a so-called "closed state," in which electrons are translocated from the bcc to the aa3 domain. The s

...-[[ET capacity| ''E'']]) with NADH-linked substrates ([[PM-pathway control state|PM]] and PGM)''' ...may be relevant in the presence of [[glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state]]. SUIT-012 can be extended with the CIV assay module.

...n level of pyridine nucleotide than was observed aerobically in state 4. These observations suggest that the presence of adenosine 5’

...Rich PR, Gnaiger E (2021) Coupling and pathway control of coenzyme Q redox state and respiration in isolated mitochondria. Bioenerg Commun 2021.3. https://d ...same manner as Q at Complexes CI, CII and CIII. The CoQ₂ redox state is monitored amperometrically with the working electrode, which is poised a

...f mitochondrial respiration, H₂O₂ flux and the redox state of the Q-pool. ...Q-pool [1]. We aimed at investigating the relationship between the Q redox state, H₂O₂ and O₂ fluxes with various fuel subs

...combinations for N-pathway control state; S or RotS for S-pathway control state.

...ty of the cyanide-resistant pathway. The relation between rate and Q redox state for the external NADH dehydrogenase in potato callus mitochondria was found ...spiration rate is proportional to the redox state of the Q-pool. - ''redox state expressed as QH₂ fraction''

...nitoring of respiration together with NAD(P)H autofluorescence and Q-redox state [1] provides unique analytical and diagnostic power in the study of mitocho ...Rich PR, Gnaiger E (2021) Coupling and pathway control of coenzyme Q redox state and respiration in isolated mitochondria. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2021

...ectron transfer. Further, the short-lived anionic flavin semiquinone (ASQ) state of b-FAD is essential for electron bifurcation. Nfn homologs are widely dis

...is necessary to prevent a large decrease in oxygen affinity in the active state. Upregulation of oxygen affinity provides a functional explanation of the e ...t from definitions by Chance, Williams 1955) has the meaning of a [[LEAK]] state of respiration, without added adenylates (no ADP and no ATP) in the presenc

...herapies. Here, we have investigated the impact of mitochondrial metabolic state on the probability and consequences of mPTP opening. Isolated mitochondria

...reduces the Q pool almost entirely (>90 %) irrespective of the respiratory state. AOX enhances the forward electron transfer (FET) from CII thereby decreasi |topics=Redox state, Q-junction effect

...s dramatically. Pyruvate (P) supports the [[NADH Electron transfer-pathway state|NADH-pathway]] and thus the convergent NS-pathway with little further effec ...s protocol is designed to evaluate RET in the S-linked pathway in the LEAK state, which is decreased by ADP due to reduction of the protonmotive force, ''pm

...tate appropriately. Since higher concentrations of Omy can decrease the ET state induced upon addition of uncoupler, the required concentration of Omy has t ...tential measurements, choose [[SUIT-006 Fluo mt D034]]. For O2 and Q redox state measurements, choose [[SUIT-006 Q mt D071]] or [[SUIT-006 Q ce-pce D073]].

...te in the matrix as substrates for NS-pathway control. This physiological state is reconsituted in mitochondrial preparations by external NS-substrate supp :::::* MitoPedia:» [[Electron-transfer-pathway state#Terminology: from CI- and CII-linked to N and S]]

...lision model) and Q tightly bound to supercomplexes according to the solid-state model. The two models describe the extremes in a continuum of homogenous or ..._hom || homogenous pool of ETS-reactive Q according to the fluid-state model (random-collision model) || || 1, 4, 5

...hich leads to an overestimation of LEAK respiration, when comparing [[LEAK state without adenylates|''L''(n)]] and [[LEAK respiration|''L''(Omy)]]. Tissue h ...ther N-pathway substrate combinations; S or RotS for the S-pathway control state.

...iacetate. ROS production by Complex I is strictly related to its inhibited state. Our results indicate that different Complex I inhibitors can be grouped in

...n isolated mitochondria, myotubes and exercising humans. Performing steady-state respirometry with isolated mitochondria we found that oxygen limitation of |topics=Calcium, mt-Membrane potential, Oxygen kinetics, Redox state

...ations of succinate and is thought not to occur when NAD is in the reduced state. However, very few studies have examined the rates of superoxide production

...the SUIT-003 O2 ce D061 protocol allows evaluating the [[coupling control state |coupling control]] of living cells. Respiratory capacities are tested in a

...n in the LEAK state. Pyruvate (P) promotes[[NADH Electron transfer-pathway state|NADH-pathway (N)]], and usually in the presence of ADP, H₂O<sub ...ub>2</sub>O₂ flux on the mt-membrane potantial on the N-control state in isolated mitochondria, tissue homogenate and permeabilized cells (alread

...ects on oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane potential, redox state of coenzyme Q, and calcium uptake. EU-METAHEART MC2 Meeting 2024 Antalya TR ...₂ levels in studies of isolated mitochondria. Performing steady-state respirometry with isolated mouse cardiac mitochondria [2] we found that oxy

...sed [[Mitochondrial membrane potential|mt-membrane potential]] in the LEAK state. ...tate| S]] and [[NADH Electron transfer-pathway state| N-]] pathway control state.

...ni''. We observed that the oxygen consumption associated with the electron transfer-pathway (ET-pathway) is significantly lower in females than in males. This phenomen |topics=Aerobic glycolysis, Redox state

...n2+ inhibition of complex I is high (10-50 microm, depending on the enzyme state); therefore, complex I is unlikely to be a major site for zinc inhibition o

...e ET pathways with FNSGpCIV. Schematic representation of multiple electron transfer-pathway (ET-pathway) pathways. Electrons converge at the Q-junction from Complex I ...ol and the subsequent linear sequence of pathway control in the ET-pathway state. RP2) RP2 has a focus on OXPHOS capacity of fatty acid oxidation (F-pathway

...b>2</sub></sub> || 1 || P»/O₂ ratio measured in any respiratory state; Section 1.6; Eq. 3.4 | coupling control state || [[Coupling control state]] || CCS || - || Section 2.4.1

..., there was a substantial increase in respiratory capacity of the Electron transfer-pathway from day 1 to 2 to day 6 to 7 as well as compared to controls in both intac ...ing uncoupling of platelet mitochondria without inhibition of the Electron transfer-pathway. The mitochondrial uncoupling was paralleled by a gradual and substantial i

...e addition of defined fuel substrates to establish an ET-pathway competent state. » [[#Why ET capacity, why not State 3u.3F | '''MiPNet article''']]

...s]]. Complementary to [[pathway control state]]s (PCS), [[coupling control state]]s (CCS: ET, OXPHOS, LEAK) are defined in mt-preparations, and the correspo ...basis, the classical [[respiratory acceptor control ratio]] (RCR = State 3/State 4 respiration) has to be replaced by the biochemical coupling efficiency, d

...y transfer, Light harvesting, Photosynthesis, Red chlorophylls Regulation, State transitions

.... There were inverse correlations between race time and N-linked substrate state PRE-POST, and changes in CK and LDH levels were significantly related to PL

...3 SNPs can explain 31, 13, and 18% of the phenotypic variation in state 3, state 4, and P:O ratio, respectively. Most of the genes tagged by the SNPs are in

...te| FAO-pathway]]. In the presence of [[Malate-anaplerotic pathway control state|anaplerotic pathways]] (''e.g.'', [[Malic enzyme|mitochondrial malic enzyme

...e ET pathways with FNSGpCIV. Schematic representation of multiple electron transfer-pathway (ET-pathway) pathways. Electrons converge at the Q-junction from Complex I ...ol and the subsequent linear sequence of pathway control in the ET-pathway state. RP2) RP2 has a focus on OXPHOS capacity of fatty acid oxidation (F-pathway

|abstract=The study aimed to investigate how obesity and glycemic state affect mitochondrial respiration and ATP-generating pathways in mature huma ...In both depots, the respiratory capacity was not affected by the glycemic state. A positive correlation between BMI and adipocyte lactate release was measu

the electron transfer-pathway. carnitine or malate increase State 2 respiration (oxygen consumption

...from nuclear encoded genes to produce a functional mitochondrial electron transfer-pathway (ET-pathway). Using permeabilized fibers of Drosophila expressing different |topics=ADP, Flux control, Inhibitor, Oxygen kinetics, Redox state, Substrate, Temperature, Uncoupler

...h (stimulated or un-inhibited) flux; ''Y_X'' is the [[background state]] at low flux, upon which ''X'' acts. ...x from ''Y_X'' to ''Z_X'' normalized for the reference state ''Z_X''.

...''see'' [[MitoPedia: Sample preparations]]) at [[Succinate pathway control state]].

...lation. Under these conditions, the increase of respiration in the OXPHOS state at constant ET capacity indicates a mitochondrial dysfunction after cold pr ...ux control ratios by internal normalization for oxygen flux in a reference state [2].

...ng the physiological mechanisms (e.g., alter LEAK, Complex I, and electron transfer-pathway capacity) used to achieve this enhanced metabolism.

...lex III, remains valid for the whole RC. The conditions for switching to a state with a high content of free radicals in Complex III were predicted based on |topics=mt-Membrane potential, Redox state

...rgetics are extended for measuring the upper limits of OXPHOS and Electron transfer-pathway (ET-pathway) capacity. Estimates of maximum mitochondrial performance (2) p ...rgetics are extended for measuring the upper limits of OXPHOS and Electron transfer-pathway (ET-pathway) capacity. Estimates of maximum mitochondrial performance (2) p

...ng of OXPHOS-capacity. This would be obscured when considerig the electron transfer-pathway (Fig. 1) or ET-capacity as being primarily controlled by the membrane-bound ...ADH&succinate (NS) pathway, and azide titrations in the NS-pathway control state or single step of CIV. As&TM, Ascorbate&TMPD. From Ref [8].

...f 16%, 26%, and 35% for the leak state, ADP-simulated state, and uncoupled state, respectively, relative to rates using B1. The common feature distinguishin ...way control state |Pyruvate&malate, PM]]: [[NADH electron transfer-pathway state |N-pathway]]

...ansfer in the mitochondrial respiratory chain: random collisions vs. solid state electron channeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292:C1221-39. doi: 10.1152/a

...consequence, convergent electron flow from Complexes CI+II of the electron transfer-pathway ([[ET-pathway]]) to the [[Q-junction]] exerts an additive effect on flux [1 ...ation increases linearly with respiratory capacity controlled by metabolic state, from 0.2 to 1.6 µM determined by [[high-resolution respirometry]]. O<sub>

...nd were further diminished in uncoupled mitochondria respiring at electron transfer-pathway capacity. Simultaneous measurement of mitochondrial respiration and H<sub>2

...by an excess capacity of cytochrome ''c'' oxidase relative to the Electron transfer-pathway and a correspondingly low turnover rate of this enzyme, consistent with the ::::* [[State 2]] in this publication has the meaning of a [[LEAK]] state of respiration, without added adenylates (no ADP and no ATP) in the presenc

...of oxygen consumption, membrane potential, NADH, and the ubiquinone redox state were correlated to ProDH activity and F₁F_O-ATPase dir |topics=mt-Membrane potential, Redox state

...hondrial respiration is frequently corrected for ''Rox'' as the [[baseline state]]. Then, total [[ROUTINE]], [[LEAK respiration]], [[OXPHOS]] or [[Electron ...BEC MitoPathways]]), the [[REN]] state was not distinguished from the ROX state. However, in novel applications (Q-Module and NADH-Module), a distinction o

...SDH or Complex II) is the only enzyme participating both in the [[electron transfer-pathway]] (ET-pathway) and the [[tricarboxylic acid cycle]] (TCA cycle). Succinate ...ADP added to S(-Rot) inhibited oxygen consumption with respect to the LEAK state at low succinate concentration in guinea pig brain and heart, but even at h

...the mitochondrial inner membrane and measure the capacity of the electron transfer-pathway ([[Electron transfer pathway]], open-circuit operation of respiration). Int

...sub>=0.04. The study group also demonstrated lowered respiration in the ET-state (normalized for protein content): 12.31 (4.84) vs 16.48 (1.72) (pmol O<sub>

...lso advisable to either detect H₂O₂ flux at the same state for high (tissue hyperoxia; [O₂]> ~100-110 µM) and low (tissue ...end of the protocol to study the effect of oxygen concentration in the ROX state (in the presence of Ama) both on the O₂ and H₂O<sub>2

...oes fresh homogenate (used as a reference for cryopreservation) compare to state-of-the-art mitochondrial preparations of (human) skeletal muscle tissue? Ev

...easurement and expression of respiration vary ([[oxygen flux]] in the LEAK state, ''J''_O₂''L'', or [[oxygen flow]], ''I''<sub>O<sub>2< ...stem and in mt-preparations supported by an ET-pathway competent substrate state, exemplifed as the NS-pathway (CI<small>&</small>II-linked substrate supply

...nase reached after addition of 1 mM ADP correlates with the rate of active state respiration with NAD-dependent substrates. Therefore, this fluorimetric met

...bstrate, no significant difference was detected. At the same time the leak state without adenylates is higher in Wfs1KO in most muscles with both complex I

:» [[F-pathway control state]]

Moscow State University :::: Andrei started his scientific career at Moscow State University in the former USSR in 1964. He obtained his postdoctoral trainin

| solid model || ↔ || solid state model | random collision model || ↔ || liquid state model

...s ([[Permeabilized tissue or cells |pce]]). dce without substrate are in a state of ROX_dce. ...ected by extracellular succinate and ADP (SD); dce (with intact mt) are in state S_''P'',dce. ''Limitation'': In the absence of rotenone, S-OXPHOS

...ng its flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor when maintained in the reduced state in conditions of RET both ''in vitro'' and ''in vivo''. Here we investigate

...ols. Decreased ROUTINE respiration (P = 0.007) and oxygen flux in the LEAK state (P = 0.0203) were observed in patients with PD with substantia nigra hypere

...are added simultaneously, the increased electron flow through the Electron transfer-pathway ([[ET-capacity|''E'', non-coupled]]) allows the detection of respiratory in (1) Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA; Email: [email protected]

...). The convergent complex I+II, maximum uncoupled capacity of the electron transfer-pathway, uncoupled complex II and complex IV showed similar results when comparing

...logical dyscoupling is evaluated as a mitochondrial defect. The noncoupled state of maximum respiration is experimentally induced by titration of establishe

...of etomoxir on isolated liver mitochondria was also observed in the OXPHOS state, without minor inhibitory effect on FAO. These results suggest that FAO can ...in the presence of 200 µM etomoxir. (A) FCR in OXPHOS-state. (B) FCR in ET-state. The results are expressed as median and interquartile range of 4 independe

...dded to the chamber). The protocol is focused on [[LEAK respiration|LEAK]] state for the [[S-pathway]] to provide the conditions of high membrane potential ...an Event&Mark for the uncoupler titration (4U) after ADP (3D) to obtain ET-state.

...o zero in a fully coupled system. Maximal efficiency in the ADP-stimulated state of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is, however, not adaptive [1] and is ...g lower the efficiency and contribute to the control of flux in the OXPHOS state. ADP and inorganic phosphate do not equilibrate across the plasma membrane,

...lysed and complexome profiling was performed. The effect of conformational state (active/deactive (A/D) transition) of mitochondrial complex I on H<sub>2</s

...capacities with different substrates combinations in septic mice. Electron transfer-pathway ([[ET-pathway]]) capacity decreased also with the development of the diseas |topics=Redox state

'''MitoPedia''': [[ET capacity|electron transfer-pathway ''versus'' electron transport chain]] ...: Respiratory states |MitoPedia]]: [[LEAK respiration |'''Respiratory LEAK state: concept-linked terminology''']]

...icated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In particular, the NADH redox state is related to ROS production. Succinate is a substrate of succinate dehydro

...rometer using Amplex Ultrared [2]. In addition, respiration and NADH redox state were measured with a prototype NextGen-O2k, which combines high-resolution ...DP added to S inhibited oxygen consumption by 30% with respect to the LEAK state (SL), which is the so-called “succinate paradox” [3]. This paradox was

...2017) Mitochondrial respiration in highly aerobic canines in the non-raced state and after a 1600-km sled dog race. PLOS ONE 12:e0174874. ...oupled, P) and 254±37 pmol.s^-1.mg^-1 for the electron transfer-pathway (ET-pathway; non-coupled, E). After racing respiratory capacities from NADH

...bbreviations (mtDNA, mt to abbreviate mitochondr*); OXPHOS capacity versus State 3 (discuss saturating ADP/Pi .. concentrations). ::::* '''[[State 2]]'''

...is hypothesized that reprogramming of somatic cells towards a pluripotent state, by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), transcription-induced pluripotenc

...he anaplerotic pathways [5]), etomoxir did not influence FAO in the OXPHOS state on Huh7 cells, while on mitochondria respiring on palmitoyl-CoA (40 µM) +

...001) and complex IV of electron transfer chain (''P'' < 0.05) and enhances state 3 respiration (''P'' < 0.001), respiratory control index (RCR) (''P'' < 0.0

...ration (before the addition of ADP), OXPHOS capacity (in the ADP-activated state, coupled oxidative phosphorylation) and ET capacity (electron transfer capa

...y through the electron transfer system (ETS) simultaneously with the redox state of ETS-reactive coenzyme Q (Q), or production of reactive oxygen species (R |topics=ADP, mt-Membrane potential, Redox state, Substrate, Q-junction effect

...OM mitochondria OxPhos efficiencies were higher than cortex mitochondria. State 3 respiration was low in heart mitochondria with succinate but increased si

...and 25°C. Surprisingly, no differences in coupled respiration and state 3/state 4 ratio were detected when substrates to the two main dehydrogenases in fli ...nects cytosolic processes with ETS, we can predict that the cellular redox state of the larvae is altered in the presence of AOX, affecting other metabolic

...ffects of diazoxide reported in the literature. Depending on the metabolic state and the membrane potential of mitochondria, diazoxide-mediated inhibition o

...escence lifetime imaging (FLIM)-based measurement of nicotinamide coenzyme state. This offers a contemporaneous reading of metabolic activity through real-t

|topics=mt-Membrane potential, Redox state

...ion rates, electron transfer system (ETS)-related coenzyme Q (mtCoQ) redox state and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse brain and liver mi |topics=Redox state, Q-junction effect

...ked substrates. Both protocols were designed to provide a common reference state of CI&II-linked ET capacity, in comparison to separate Complex I- and Compl ..., 5Comparative Exercise Physiol Lab, Center Veterinary Health Sc, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK, US; 5-D Swarovski Research Lab, Dep Visceral Transpla

...med 'liquid state' and 'solid state' (Figs. 1A and B) [19,20]. In a liquid-state system, one or all components are freely diffusing and hence randomly arran ...exchange between free and bound forms of ubiquinone occurs. In such 'solid-state' reactions, reaction rate becomes limited by an internal rate constant of o

...hways. Particular attention is paid to how O₂ affects the redox state of the cell, as well as the NO, H₂S, and CO concentrations. We a

...phosphorylation. Coupled Complex-1 respiration decreased, while uncoupled State-4O, and complex-II increased significantly due to burn injury, particularly

...commended in the SUIT-003 have been designed to study the coupling control state of living cells. In order to study the [[LEAK respiration]], the phosphoryl

...oncentration requires to be lower than 10 µM the establishment of a steady state for sulfide oxidation requires a continuous infusion of sulfide [4]. Becaus

...onal uncoupler titration is necessary to reach the maximum O2 flow at this state.

...ked substrates. Both protocols were designed to provide a common reference state of CI<small>&</small>II-linked ET capacity, in comparison to separate Compl ...Comparative Exercise Physiology Lab, Center Veterinary Health Sc, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK, USA; 5-D Swarovski Research Lab, Dept Visceral Transp

...ked substrates. Both protocols were designed to provide a common reference state of CI<small>&</small>II-linked ET-capacity, in comparison to separate Compl ...Comparative Exercise Physiology Lab, Center Veterinary Health Sc, Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK, USA; 5-D Swarovski Research Lab, Dept Visceral Transp

...mandatory for any fluorophore applied for probing mtMP, in any respiratory state, type of tissue and pathophysiological condition. ...rane potential, Safranin, Complex I, Complex II, OXPHOS analysis, electron transfer-pathway

...'''3G:''' 10 mM glutamate as an additional NADH-linked substrate (N-OXPHOS state). '''4S:''' 10 mM succinate (NS-OXPHOS capacity). :'''5U:''' uncoupler titr

...xpression of a pH-sensitive fluorescent mitochondrial reporter and applied state-of-the-art imaging techniques and image analysis. Our data showed a signifi

...rane. 3G: 10 mM glutamate as an additional NADH-linked substrate (N-OXPHOS state). 4S: 10 mM succinate (NS-OXPHOS capacity). 5U: uncoupler titrations to eva

...of oxygen consumption, membrane potential, NADH, and the ubiquinone redox state were correlated to ProDH activity and F₁F_O-ATPase dir

...d at rest 12 to 14 hours after eating in a physically and mentally relaxed state at thermally neutral room temperature. Maintenance energy requirements incl |mitopedia concept=MiP concept, Respiratory state, Recommended

...sponses to increasing preloads. High-resolution respirometry showed higher state 3 (with excess ADP) respiration in SHR left ventricle fibers with complex I

...-1</sup> ]) for all respiratory states (all p < 0.01), except for the LEAK state, after accounting for the mobilization of PBMCs. Future subtype-specific st

...ical) [[uncoupled respiration]], to give a label to an effort to reach the state of maximum uncoupler-activated respiration without inhibiting respiration. ...is due to the increase of mt-membrane potential in the LEAK versus OXPHOS state, causing a corresponding increase of the proton leak driven by the higher p

...is the [[reference state]] with stimulated flux; CHNO is the [[background state]] with CHNO substrates, upon which c is added: :::: It is important '''not''' to add cytochrome ''c'' in a [[LEAK state]]: There is always an unexplained activation of respiration, unrelated to t

...onent to sulfide oxidation probably because of the change in its reduction state.

...ent is constant along the diffusion path (in a homogenous medium at steady state; Fick's law of diffusion). Therefore, the concentration gradient of a conti ...h ''RT'' [J·mol^-1]. The diffusion pressure difference at steady-state is the product of a concentration (activity; [x·m^-3] or [mol·m

...t time to evaluate the stability of respiratory activity in each metabolic state and to permit complex titration regimes in living cells or in permeabilized ...ncoupled flux (capacity of the Electron transfer-pathway, [[ET-capacity]]; state ''E'') is reached at 5.5 μM FCCP. The ''L/E'' ratio is 0.10. Respiration i

...chnology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP- São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

...easuring oxygen consumption, membrane potential, NADH and ubiquinone redox state using the NextGen-O2k (Oroboros Instruments) and correlated to ProDH activi

...stically significantly higher concentration when compared to the uncoupled state (P<0.05), in cells at routine respiration. In contrast, at 25 °C the Na2S

...pling, comprising about 50% of oxygen consumption in the basal respiratory state. Hypoxia followed by re-oxygenation increased maximal overall respiration.

...ure respiration rates in duplicate during LEAK (State 4), OXPHOS capacity (State 3), and electron transfer capacity (ET) states in permeabilized hypothalami ::::# Louisiana State University

...ygen consumption ''Rox'' after inhibition by rotenone and antimycin A (ROX state), and LEAK respiration ''L''. The glycoBHI was based on four key aspects of

| style="text-align:left"|[[O2k-Publications: Redox state |Redox state]] ...egory:Publications]] [[Instrument and method::Oxygraph-2k]] [[Topic::Redox state]] |format=count}}

...atment also increased respiratory control ratio (RCR), an indicator of the state of mitochondrial coupling, which is related to the mitochondrial functional

...''_O2,PM)/''I''_O2,''c''PM, exceeded 0.1 in the OXPHOS-state (Fig. 1; steps 2D and 2c). For abbreviations see Figure 1 and Gnaiger et al ...'''3G''': 10 mM glutamate as an additional NADH-linked substrate (N-OXPHOS state). '''4S''': 10 mM succinate (NS-OXPHOS capacity). '''5U''': uncoupler titra

antioxidants CoQ(10)+vitamin E. We used dynamic and steady-state methods of ''in vivo'' phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P MR

1-Depts. Biomedical Sci, 2-Cell Mol Biol, 3-Biochem Mol Biol, Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, USA, CO. - [email protected] ...iratory substrates upstream of their associated sites of entry to electron transfer-pathway. In particular, comparison of OXPHOS rates obtained with glutamate versus p

...to pioneers in bioenergetics''' will provide a fresh look at concepts in a state of flow rather than as fixed paradigms, which tend to be forgotten or disto ...ects on oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane potential, redox state of coenzyme Q, and calcium uptake]]''

::::» MitoPathways - the electron transfer-pathway ::::» Steady-state injection respirometry

...neously oxygen partial pressure and NADH autofluorescence or quinone redox state we show that in isolated mitochondria Complex I utilizes endogenous quinone

...K respiration is crucial for understanding the non-phosphorylating resting state where energy is used to counteract proton leaks, preserving ionic gradients ...mitochondrial membrane potential, providing insights into the bioenergetic state of the mitochondria.

...cence may comprise a mixture of signals from a fluorescent dye in its free state and bound to membranes or proteins, and corrections may be difficult for ob ...IIP state when the mt-membrane potential is low already in the uninhibited state. The increase of TPP⁺ concentration from 1.5 to 3 µM did not ch

...Ranji M, Eells JT (2020) Photobiomodulation preserves mitochondrial redox state and is retinoprotective in a rodent model of retinitis pigmentosa. '''Sci R

...tes and respiratory control in mouse and beef heart mitochondria at steady-state levels of hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 119:1210-8. - [[Harrison 2015 J Appl Phys ::* Gnaiger E. electron transfer-pathway versus electron transport chain. Mitochondr Physiol Network. - [[electron t

...the use of digitonin we can address different [[Electron-transfer-pathway state]]s.

...into the [[Q-Sensor]]) for a separate experiment to measure the [[Q redox state]] of a biological sample. The oxidation and reduction peak potentials can b

Among female heart mitochondria, SSM only showed a decrease in state 3 of complex II after acute hypoxia.

...ration and elevated ROS production more in the SHR fibers. The ADP-trapped state was also less relieved on creatine addition, likely reflecting the 30% depr

To examine the state of CPT1a in the mtOM, an approach was used that combined sizing by mass and

...inhibition by the addition of 2.5 μM of rotenone (white arrow). Changes in state 3 and 4 were then evaluated.

...ential, and NAD(P)H level were followed online, in parallel with the redox state of MB. SLP-mediated ATP synthesis was measured in the presence of inhibitor

...ET; proton leak, LEAK, residual oxygen consumption, ROX, State 2, State 3, State 4, normalization, flow, flux, O₂ ...g intervention to asses the transition from a well-coupled to a noncoupled state of mitochondrial respiration.

...ies on the electron transfer-pathway. XLII. Reconstitution of the electron transfer-pathway. J Biol Chem 237:2661-9.]] ...217:409-27. - Substrate depletion in isolated mitochondria is achieved in State 2: ADP is added to induce a transient stimulation of oxygen flux based on o

...esirable to study the contractile system in a state as close to the living state as possible” (Saida and Nonomura 1978). ...bstrates. The prolonged LEAK state (rather than initial substrate-depleted state) proposed here in the alternative initial phase of the experiment will prov

| Ocean State Research Institute at Providence VA Healthcare System, US

::::* Maik Hüttemann – Wayne State University, Detroit, USA

...ollins Chicco AJ]]:''' Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University (US)

...ies on the electron transfer-pathway. XLII. Reconstitution of the electron transfer-pathway. J Biol Chem 237:2661-9. - [[Hatefi 1962 J Biol Chem |»Bioblast link«]] ...R (1955) Respiratory enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation. III. The steady state. J Biol Chem 217:409-27. - [[Chance 1955 J Biol Chem-III |»Bioblast link«

...drial physiology, these meetings provided critical insight of what are the state-of-the-art techniques and questions related to mitochondria. The program is ::::::* The electron transfer-pathway – Q redox regulation and mitochondrial pathways to oxygen ('''[[Moore AL

...nt is effectively interrupted and the defined ''V'' does not exist in this state. The experimental chamber exists only during the time when it defines and c ...b>''V''_out removed from an open system simultaneously at steady-state and constant system volume ''V''). A quantity volume can only have a positi

...587 nm. Safranin is a potent inhibitor of [[NADH electron transfer-pathway state |N-linked respiration]] and of the [[phosphorylation system]].

...R (1955) Respiratory enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation. III. The steady state. J Biol Chem 217:409-27. ...ies on the Electron transfer-pathway. XLII. Reconstitution of the Electron transfer-pathway. J Biol Chem 237:2661-9.

| Sao Paulo State University, BR

| Penn State College of Medicine, USA

...rate in a ''reference state'', and is evaluated relative to a ''background state''. The concept of flux control efficiency is based on principles of thermod ...ements are documented by >1 000 reports listed under '[[NS-pathway control state]]' in MitoPedia. To study respiratory control at the Q-junction, SUIT proto

...activity of living (non-permeabilized) cells in the physiological coupling state, which is controlled by cellular energy demand, energy turnover and the deg |'''Why use a short-chain coenzyme Q mimetic for measurement of the Q-redox state using the Q-Module? '''<br>

...To advance the research output of all partnering institutions in terms of state-of-the art translational research on brain energy metabolism and high-impac ::::::o Methodological skills on state-of-the-art techniques (e.g. genetic and molecular methods),

...-linked respiration, depending on species, tissues, and pathophysiological state.''' <br> - »[[Steady state]]«

...HD Cardoso''']]: Electron push and pull in respiratory control and Q redox state. ...11:15 [[Fernandez-Vizarra Erika |'''Erika Fernandez-Vizarra''']]: Q redox state, respiratory control, and mitochondrial disease.

...in different respiratory states to the maximum flux in a common reference state. <br> ...l blood T cells] PBT (...) showed that [ROUTINE] respiration at the steady state was increased by [FOXO1 inhibitor] AS1842856."''' <br>

...ET; proton leak, LEAK, residual oxygen consumption, ROX, State 2, State 3, State 4, normalization, flow, flux, O₂ ...(1955b) Respiratory enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation: III. The steady state. J Biol Chem 217:409-27. - [[Chance 1955 J Biol Chem-III |»Bioblast link«

...d state II (GM; 53 % lower) conditions (Figure 3B). However, comparison of state 3 respiration, after activation of both Complex I (by glutamate and malate) ...: A higher rate of LEAK respiration ('state II, GM') per OXPHOS capacity ('state 3') is classically interpreted as [[dyscoupling]] ([[BEC_2020.1_doi10.26124

...ion of ATP production: dependence on calcium concentration and respiratory state", [[Fink 2017 Am J Physiol Cell Physiol]] ...s compared with normoxic H2O2 production in the LEAK but not in the OXPHOS state. After re-oxygenation, the rate of H2O2 generation again increases. At the

...gative values, sometimes we observe negative O₂ flux in the ROX state which is usually used for baseline correction. Can we use this “negative ...r titration of Ama, and ''Rox'' was defined as the minimum value in either state ROX₁ (Rot) or ROX₂ (Rot&Ama). In Yépez et al (2018),

...ive stress markers (carbonyl groups, lipid peroxidation, glutathione redox state, activities of GPx, GRd and MnSOD, ...); mouse models of diseases includin ...cond time resolution freeze-quench and nano-spectroscopy (rapid pre-steady-state kinetics of proteins), single-molecule ATP synthase rotation, respirometry,

|''' What is the limitation of State 3 respiration compared to [[OXPHOS capacity]]? '''<br> ...tration of ADP, P_i, fuel substrates and O₂. However, State 3 as defined by Chance and Williams (1955) can lead to underestimation of O

...Oroboros Instruments GmbH and the customer located in the EU or in an EFTA state shall fall exclusively within the jurisdiction of the courts in Innsbruck,

...os O2k-Workshop]]: Continuous monitoring of mitochondrial Coenzyme Q redox state integrated in high-resolution respirometry''' at [[10th Conference of the I ...: Continuous monitoring of pull and push control of respiration and redox state of the Q-mimetic CoQ₂''

File:Chicco Headshot.jpg||'''[[Chicco Adam J]]''', Colorado State University, US File:Chicco Headshot.jpg||'''[[Chicco Adam J]]''', Colorado State University, US

...(1955b) Respiratory enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation: III. The steady state. J Biol Chem 217:409-27. - [[Chance 1955 J Biol Chem-III |»Bioblast link« ...n, Respiratory complexes, Respiratory states, Respirometry, Sample, Steady state, Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration, Supercomplex, System, Tissue homo

::::* Annual report on: assessment of quality and state of training; personal/social situations of ESRs; proposals for activities o

...l Mitochondrial Physiology and Pathology'''. In a laboratory equipped with state-of-the-art instrumentation in mitochondrial respiratory physiology and bioe ...ik-Zentrums für Klinische Physiologie und Pathologie der Mitochondrien mit state-of-the-art Ausstattung für bioenergetische Untersuchungen führen. Alle, d

...Ranji M, Eells JT (2020) Photobiomodulation preserves mitochondrial redox state and is retinoprotective in a rodent model of retinitis pigmentosa. '''Sci R ...r W (2016) Adapting high-resolution respirometry to glucose-limited steady state mycelium of the filamentous fungus Penicillium ochrochloron: method develop

...and intermediary states with ''N''_z* decreasing to the standard state with ''N''_z° = 0 x (right to left). ''N''_p is the to ...and intermediary states with ''N''_z* decreasing to the standard state with ''N''_z° = 0 x. ''N''_p is the total count of pub