- high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution
SUIT-017 O2 pfi D049
Description
Abbreviation: FNS(Oct,GM)
Reference: A: SUIT-017
SUIT number: D049_1OctM;2D;2c;3G;4S;5U;6Rot;7Ama
O2k-Application: O2
- MitoPedia: SUIT
- SUIT-category: FNS(Oct,GM)
- SUIT protocol pattern: diametral 1OctM;2D;2c;3G;4S;5U;6Rot-
Communicated by Cardoso LH and Gnaiger E (last update 2019-02-26)
Steps and respiratory states
Step
|
State
|
Pathway
|
Q-junction
|
Comment - Events (E) and Marks (M)
|
1OctM
|
OctML(n)
|
F(N)
|
FAO
|
1OctM
- Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. Low concentration of malate, typically 0.1 mM, does not saturate the N-pathway; but saturates the F-pathway. Non-phosphorylating resting state (LEAK state); LEAK respiration L(n) in the absence of ADP, ATP, AMP (no adenylates).
|
2D
|
OctMP
|
F(N)
|
FAO
|
1OctM;2D
- Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. Low concentration of malate, typically 0.1 mM, does not saturate the N-pathway; but saturates the F-pathway. OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state.
|
3G
|
OctGMP
|
FN
|
F&CI
|
1OctM;2D;3G
|
4S
|
OctGMSP
|
FNS
|
F&CI&II
|
1OctM;2D;3G;4S
- Respiratory stimulation by simultaneous action of type N substrates & succinate, with convergent electron flow in the NS-pathway for reconstitution of TCA cycle function. Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state.
|
5U
|
OctGMSE
|
FNS
|
F&CI&II
|
1OctM;2D;3G;4S;5U
- Respiratory stimulation by simultaneous action of type N substrates & succinate, with convergent electron flow in the NS-pathway for reconstitution of TCA cycle function. Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. Noncoupled electron transfer state, ET state, with ET capacity E.
|
6Rot
|
SE
|
S
|
CII
|
1OctM;2D;3G;4S;5U;6Rot
|
7Ama
|
ROX
|
|
|
1OctM;2D;3G;4S;5U;6Rot;7Ama
- Rox is the residual oxygen consumption in the ROX state, due to oxidative side reactions, estimated either after inhibition of CIII (e.g. antimycin A, myxothiazol), CIV (e.g. Cyanide) or in the absence of endogenous fuel-substrates. Rox is subtracted from oxygen flux as a baseline for all respiratory states, to obtain mitochondrial respiration.
|
Step
|
Respiratory state
|
Pathway control
|
ET-Complex
|
Comment
|
## AsTm
|
AsTmE
|
CIV
|
CIV
|
|
## Azd
|
CHB
|
|
|
|
- Bioblast links: SUIT protocols - >>>>>>> - Click on [Expand] or [Collapse] - >>>>>>>
- Coupling control
- » Coupling control state
- » ET capacity
- » OXPHOS capacity
- » LEAK respiration
- Pathway control
- » Electron transfer pathway
- » Fatty acid oxidation pathway control state, F
- » NADH electron transfer-pathway state, N
- » Succinate pathway control state, S
- » NS-pathway control state, NS
- » Glycerophosphate pathway control state, Gp
- » Complex IV single step, CIV
- » Anaplerotic pathway control state
- Main fuel substrates
- » Glutamate, G
- » Glycerophosphate, Gp
- » Malate, M
- » Octanoylcarnitine, Oct
- » Pyruvate, P
- » Succinate, S
- Glossary
- » List of SUIT states
- » SUIT concept
Strengths and limitations
- Comparison of GM- with PM-capacity yields important information on N-pathway respiratory control upstream of CI (Lemieux et al. 2017; Votion et al. 2012).
- + Glutamate is easier to prepare compared to pyruvate.
- + Reasonable duration of the experiment.
Compare SUIT protocols
References
MitoPedia concepts:
SUIT protocol,
SUIT A,
Find
MitoPedia methods:
Respirometry