Gnaiger 2015 Scand J Med Sci Sports

Gnaiger E, Boushel R, Søndergaard H, Munch-Andersen T, Damsgaard R, Hagen C, Díez-Sánchez C, Ara I, Wright-Paradis C, Schrauwen P, Hesselink M, Calbet JAL, Christiansen M, Helge JW, Saltin B (2015) Mitochondrial coupling and capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle of Inuit and caucasians in the arctic winter. Scand J Med Sci Sports 25 (Suppl 4):126–34.

» PMID: 26589126 Open Access »

Gnaiger E, Boushel R, Soendergaard H, Munch-Andersen T, Damsgaard R, Hagen C, Diez-Sanchez C, Ara I, Wright-Paradis C, Schrauwen P, Hesselink M, Calbet JA, Christiansen M, Helge JW, Saltin B (2015) Scand J Med Sci Sports

Abstract: O2k-in brief

During evolution, mtDNA haplogroups of arctic populations may have been selected for lower coupling of mitochondrial respiration to ATP production in favor of higher heat production. We show that mitochondrial coupling in skeletal muscle of traditional and westernized Inuit habituating northern Greenland is identical to Danes of western Europe haplogroups. Biochemical coupling efficiency was preserved across variations in diet, muscle fibre type and uncoupling protein-3 content. Mitochondrial phenotype displayed plasticity in relation to lifestyle and environment. Untrained Inuit and Danes had identical capacities to oxidize fat substrate in arm muscle, which increased in Danes during the 42 days of acclimation to exercise, approaching the higher level of the Inuit hunters. A common pattern emerges of mitochondrial acclimatization and evolutionary adaptation in humans at high latitude and high altitude where economy of locomotion may be optimized by preservation of biochemical coupling efficiency at modest mitochondrial density, when submaximum performance is uncoupled from V_O2max and maximum capacities of oxidative phosphorylation. • Keywords: BMI, VO2max • Bioblast editor: Gnaiger E • O2k-Network Lab: AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E, AT Innsbruck Oroboros, CA Vancouver Boushel RC, NL Maastricht Schrauwen P, DK Copenhagen Christiansen M, ES CN Las Palmas Calbet JA

SUIT protocol

- - - 1OctM;2D;3G;4S;5Rot;6Omy;7U-

Greenland expedition CMRC: science and adventure

» Greenland Expedition CMRC

» The Saltin Symposium: Exercise and Integrative Physiology (2015)

MitoEAGLE V_O₂max/BME data base

Human vastus lateralis
8 females & 8 males
31 years
Active; Danes, baseline control in Copenhagen
H = 1.75 m
M = 74.5 kg
BME = 1.19
BMI = 24.3 kg·m^-2
V_O2max/BM = 48.0 mL·min^-1·kg^-1
Permeabilized muscle fibres; 30 °C; GMS_P; m_w; conversions: Gnaiger 2009 Int J Biochem Cell Biol
J_O2,P(NS) = 90.5 µmol·s^-1·kg^-1 wet muscle mass (37 °C)

Bengt Saltin - a Gentle Scientist

Additional references

Marconi C, Marzorati M, Cerretelli P (2006) Work capacity of permanent residents of high altitude. High Alt Med Biol 7:105-115. - »Bioblast link«
Tam E, Bruseghini P, Calabria E, Sacco LD, Doria C, Grassi B, Pietrangelo T, Pogliaghi S, Reggiani C, Salvadego D, Schena F, Toniolo L, Verratti V, Vernillo G, Capelli C (2015) Gokyo Khumbu/Ama Dablam Trek 2012: effects of physical training and high-altitude exposure on oxidative metabolism, muscle composition, and metabolic cost of walking in women. Eur J Appl Physiol. - »Bioblast link«

O2k-brief

» List of O2k-Publications presented as O2k-brief

MitoFit news 2015#18

2015-11-25: Performance tests on skeletal muscle mitochondria of the Inuit haplogroup reveal fitness information beyond the uncoupling hypothesis for adaptations to the arctic climate. » MitoFit news - a contribution to K-Regio MitoFit.

References: BME and VO2max

» VO2max

	Reference
Bakkman 2007 ActaPhysiol	Bakkman L, Sahlin K, Holmberg HC, Tonkonogi M (2007) Quantitative and qualitative adaptation of human skeletal muscle mitochondria to hypoxic compared with normoxic training at the same relative work rate. Acta Physiol (Oxford) 190:243–51.
Boushel 2007 Diabetologia	Boushel RC, Gnaiger E, Schjerling P, Skovbro M, Kraunsoee R, Dela F (2007) Patients with Type 2 diabetes have normal mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. Diabetologia 50:790-6.
Chambers 2020 J Appl Physiol (1985)	Chambers TL, Burnett TR, Raue U, Lee GA, Finch WH, Graham BM, Trappe TA, Trappe S (2020) Skeletal muscle size, function, and adiposity with lifelong aerobic exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 128:368–78.
Daussin 2008 Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol	Daussin FN, Zoll J, Dufour SP, Ponsot E, Lonsdorfer-Wolf E, Doutreleau S, Mettauer B, Piquard F, Geny B, Richard R (2008) Effect of interval versus continuous training on cardiorespiratory and mitochondrial functions: relationship to aerobic performance improvements in sedentary subjects. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295:R264-72.
Garnier 2005 FASEB J	Garnier A, Fortin D, Zoll J, N'Guessan B, Mettauer B, Lampert E, Veksler V, Ventura-Clapier R (2005) Coordinated changes in mitochondrial function and biogenesis in healthy and diseased human skeletal muscle. FASEB J 19:43-52.
Gnaiger 2015 Scand J Med Sci Sports	Gnaiger E, Boushel R, Søndergaard H, Munch-Andersen T, Damsgaard R, Hagen C, Díez-Sánchez C, Ara I, Wright-Paradis C, Schrauwen P, Hesselink M, Calbet JAL, Christiansen M, Helge JW, Saltin B (2015) Mitochondrial coupling and capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle of Inuit and caucasians in the arctic winter. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12612
Gnaiger 2019 MiP2019	OXPHOS capacity in human muscle tissue and body mass excess – the MitoEAGLE mission towards an integrative database (Version 6; 2020-01-12).
Loe 2013 PLOS ONE	Loe H, Rognmo Ø, Saltin B, Wisløff U (2013) Aerobic capacity reference data in 3816 healthy men and women 20-90 years. PLOS ONE 8:e64319.
Mettauer 2001 J Am Coll Cardiol	Mettauer B, Zoll J, Sanchez H, Lampert E, Ribera F, Veksler V, Bigard X, Mateo P, Epailly E, Lonsdorfer J, Ventura-Clapier R (2001) Oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle in heart failure patients versus sedentary or active control subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol 38:947-54.
Mogensen 2006 J Physiol	Mogensen M, Bagger M, Pedersen PK, Fernström M, Sahlin K (2006) Cycling efficiency in humans is related to low UCP3 content and to type I fibres but not to mitochondrial efficiency. J Physiol 571:669-81.
N'Guessan 2004 Mol Cell Biochem	N'Guessan B, Zoll J, Ribera F, Ponsot E, Lampert E, Ventura-Clapier R, Veksler V, Mettauer B (2004) Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative aspects of mitochondrial function in human skeletal and cardiac muscles. Mol Cell Biochem 256-257:267-80.
Pesta 2011 Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol	Pesta D, Hoppel F, Macek C, Messner H, Faulhaber M, Kobel C, Parson W, Burtscher M, Schocke M, Gnaiger E (2011) Similar qualitative and quantitative changes of mitochondrial respiration following strength and endurance training in normoxia and hypoxia in sedentary humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301:R1078–87.
Ponsot 2006 J Appl Physiol (1985)	Ponsot E, Dufour SP, Zoll J, Doutrelau S, N'Guessan B, Geny B, Hoppeler H, Lampert E, Mettauer B, Ventura-Clapier R, Richard R (2006) Exercise training in normobaric hypoxia in endurance runners. II. Improvement of mitochondrial properties in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 100:1249-57.
Pribis 2010 Nutrients	Pribis P, Burtnack CA, McKenzie SO, Thayer J (2010) Trends in body fat, body mass index and physical fitness among male and female college students. Nutrients 2:1075-85.
Raboel 2009 Diabetes Obes Metab	Raboel R, Hojberg PM, Almdal T, Boushel RC, Haugaard SB, Madsbad S, Dela F (2009) Improved glycaemic control decreases inner mitochondrial membrane leak in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 11:355-60.
Rasmussen 2001 Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab	Rasmussen UF, Rasmussen HN, Krustrup P, Quistorff B, Saltin B, Bangsbo J (2001) Aerobic metabolism of human quadriceps muscle: in vivo data parallel measurements on isolated mitochondria. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280:E301-7.
Rasmussen 2003 Eur J Physiol	Rasmussen UF, Krustrup P, Kjaer M, Rasmussen HN (2003) Human skeletal muscle mitochondrial metabolism in youth and senescence: no signs of functional changes in ATP formation and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Pflugers Arch – Eur J Physiol 446:270-78.
Zoll 2002 J Physiol	Zoll J, Sanchez H, N'Guessan B, Ribera F, Lampert E, Bigard X, Surrurier B, Fortin D, Geny B, Veksler V, Ventura-Clapier R, Mettauer B (2002) Physical activity changes the regulation of mitochondrial respiration in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 543:191-200.

Labels: MiParea: Respiration, mt-Biogenesis;mt-density, mtDNA;mt-genetics, Comparative MiP;environmental MiP, Gender, Exercise physiology;nutrition;life style

Stress:Temperature Organism: Human Tissue;cell: Skeletal muscle Preparation: Permeabilized tissue Enzyme: Marker enzyme, TCA cycle and matrix dehydrogenases Regulation: Coupling efficiency;uncoupling, Cyt c Coupling state: LEAK, OXPHOS, ET Pathway: F, N, S, ROX HRR: Oxygraph-2k, O2k-Protocol

MitoFitPublication, VO2max, BMI, BME, 1OctM;2D;3G;4S;5Rot;6Omy;7U-, SUIT-016, SUIT-016 O2 pfi D044, MitoEAGLE BME