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|description='''Cyanide''' (usually added as KCN) is a competitive inhibitor of [[Complex_IV| cytochcrome ''c'' oxidase (CIV)]]. Inhibition is reversed {{MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry|type=Inhibitor ETS

...ylketone completely inhibited caspase activation, while treatment with the inhibitor of calpains- and papain-like cathepsins (2S,3S)-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucyla

|description='''Sodium azide''' is an inhibitor of [[Complex IV]]/cytochrome ''c'' oxidase (CIV, COX, CcO). |type=Inhibitor ETS

...s of dequalinium (≤10 μM), this swelling is inhibited by cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. At the same time, at hig |topics=Inhibitor, Ion;substrate transport

...ily (MCF). Only mitochondria from the YIL006w deletion mutant exhibited no inhibitor-sensitive pyruvate transport, but otherwise behaved normally. YIL006w encod

...compounds and their potency is related to that of rotenone, the classical inhibitor of complex I. Among commercial products, particular attention is dedicated |keywords=NADH–ubiquinone reductase; Respiratory inhibitor; Ubiquinone

...itochondria: Trx system. Additionally, [[dinitrochlorobenzene]] (DNCB), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) can be used to obtain the GSH contribution scavenging ...H, Kim GY, Moon SK, Cheong J, Kim WJ, Yoo YH, Choi YH (2017) Auranofin, an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase, induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep

|mitopedia topic=Inhibitor

...cobacterium tuberculosis'' cytochrome ''bcc:aa''3 supercomplex and a novel inhibitor targeting subunit cytochrome ''c''I. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 67:e015312 ...ion via the cIcII head. The successful identification of a new cyt-bcc:aa3 inhibitor demonstrates the potential of a structure-mechanism-based approach for nove

...dase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (0.9 +/- 0.1). By contrast, the site IV inhibitor cyanide, as well as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase (allopurinol), nitric ox

...ill make the other more rate limiting and thus will decrease the amount of inhibitor of the other required for half-maximal inhibition. These two types of "coup

...bited by Rot (10-100 nM), but not by piericidin A (PA; 100 nM), another CI inhibitor. At 100 nM, both Rot and PA fully blocked myoblast oxygen consumption. Knoc |topics=Inhibitor

...s measured using OROBOROS HRR Oxygraph-2k according to substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocol. ...d following the addition of complex I inhibitor (rotenone) and complex III inhibitor (antimycin A).

...owney B (2016) Identification of ER-000444793, a Cyclophilin D-independent inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition, using a high-throughput screen in ...dependent of CypD inhibition. Here we identified a novel, CypD-independent inhibitor of the mPTP. The screening approach and compound described provides a workf

...or EGTA, the inhibitor of Ca²⁺ transport Ruthenium red and the inhibitor of the myosin ATPase vanadate. The caffeine concentration dependency of res

...A, Ostberg NP, Campos JC, Ferreira JCB, Mochly-Rosen D (2022) A selective inhibitor of cardiac troponin I phosphorylation by delta protein kinase C (δPKC) as ...ylation of cTnI is critical in IR injury, and that a cTnI/δPKC interaction inhibitor should be considered as a therapeutic target to reduce cardiac injury after

...nes in macrophages. It was reported that metformin, mitochondria complex I inhibitor, decreased production of the pro-form of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β a Stefin B (cystatin B) is an endogenous cysteine cathepsin inhibitor, and the loss-of-function mutations in the stefin B gene were reported in p

..., diclofenac holds potential as a clinically applicable MYC and glycolysis inhibitor supporting established tumor therapies.

...y myxothiazol, but not by diphenyleneiodonium or the nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor L-nitroarginine. We conclude that hypoxia increases mitochondrial superoxid

...(Eto; 2[6(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate) is an irreversible inhibitor of [[carnitine palmitoyltransferase I]] (CPT-I) on the outer face of the mi |mitopedia topic=Inhibitor

...tion of ischemia/reperfusion injury: effects of a soluble adenylyl cyclase inhibitor LRE1. ...a setting of rodent model of hepatic IR. Therefore, we tested LRE1 (a sAC inhibitor) administration before I/R.

...tion induced by PA was observed by treatment with diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. The participation of this enzyme complex was confirmed th

|mitopedia topic=Inhibitor

|description=Triethyltin bromide (TET) is a lipophilic [1] inhibitor of the mitochondrial [[ATP synthase]] [2] which is used to induce [[LEAK st |mitopedia topic=Inhibitor

...its capability of acting as both a protonophore and an unusual complex II inhibitor, which interferes with the mitochondrial respiration by blocking the electr |keywords=Complex II inhibitor, Mitochondria, Q(d)-binding site, Superoxide anion, Triclosan, Uncoupler

...nveiled mitochondrial dysfunction upon exposure to the FDA-approved kinase inhibitor sunitinib. This seemingly context-dependent side effect of this drug highli ...cells, cell bioenergetics, cell culture media, cell proliferation, kinase inhibitor, mitochondrial function

...cooling was without interruption. The newly established multiple substrate-inhibitor titration provides the possibility to measure complex I dependent functiona ...r technique, respirometry, mitochondria, mitochondrial function, substrate-inhibitor-titration, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, shipment of samples

...of mitochondrial respiration, FCCP, a protonophore, nor propyl gallate, an inhibitor of the plastid terminal oxidase, induced such a strong effect like antimyci

...act=Human mitochondrial malic enzyme is a regulatory enzyme with ATP as an inhibitor. Structural studies reveal that the enzyme has two ATP-binding sites, one a |topics=ATP, Inhibitor

|keywords=3-Bromopyruvate, Glycolytic inhibitor, Mitochondrial respiration inhibitor, Alkylation,Tumor cell metabolism

..., ADP and glutamate (GMO(3) ), + succinate (GMOS(3) ), + uncoupler (U) and inhibitor (rotenone) of complex I respiration. Citrate synthase (CS) activity was mea |keywords=AMPKα2 kinase-dead (KD) mice; substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor-titration (SUIT) protocol

...ma S, Yokota T, Tanaka S, Okita K, Tsutsui H (2016) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor improved exercise capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice with heart ...igated the effects of the administration of a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor on the exercise capacity and skeletal muscle abnormalities in an HF mouse m

...d soluble F₁-ATPase. Activity assays and immunodetection of the inhibitor protein IF₁ were used and combined with molecular docking analys ''Key Results'': T1AM is a non-competitive inhibitor of F₀F₁-ATPsynthase whose binding is mutually exclusi

...r), ODQ (a GC inhibitor), PP2 (a src kinase inhibitor), and KT-5823 (a PKG inhibitor) abolished preconditioning by BK and blocked the inotropic response to ouab |topics=Cyt c, Inhibitor, Ion;substrate transport

...O(2)(-) generation in control cells, or those treated with the NO synthase inhibitor, when incubated at 21% O(2). However, after 30-min exposure of control cell |topics=Cyt c, Flux control, Inhibitor, Oxygen kinetics, Redox state

...Wang Z, Rhee KY, Ding K, Zhang T, Cook GM (2018) A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine inhibitor of the respiratory cytochrome bcc complex for the treatment of drug-resista ...infection. Here, we characterize a putative respiratory complex III (QcrB) inhibitor, TB47: a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide. TB47 is active (MIC between

...ediated pAkt while increased pAMPK regardless of insulin. Reciprocally, an inhibitor of Akt, triciribine (TCN), decreased cellular ATP contents. Overexpression

...) and diacylglycerol (DAG) content was significantly attenuated with DPP-4 inhibitor treatment. In addition, MK0626 significantly reduced mitochondrial incomple ...rds=Lipidomics, NAFLD, Obesity, Hepatic insulin resistance, MK-0626 (DPP-4 inhibitor)

...et''' contains the sequential titrations in a specific Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocol. The laboratory titration sheets for different SU

...GA, Doshi A, Zaware N, Gangjee A, Ihnat MA (2016) AG311, a small molecule inhibitor of complex I and hypoxia-induced HIF-1α stabilization. Cancer Lett pii: S0 ...nd animals with AG311 and dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor that increases oxidative metabolism, resulted in synergistic cell kill and

...were divided into 2 groups, i.e., with or without treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (Empa, 300 mg/kg of food). Consistent with previous studies, ..., Ketone body, Mitochondria, Muscle strength, Myocardial infarction, SGLT2 inhibitor

|description='''P1,P5-Di(adenosine-5')pentaphosphate (Ap5A)''' is an inhibitor of [[adenylate kinase]] (ADK), the enzyme which rephosphorylates AMP to ADP |mitopedia topic=Inhibitor

...hydroxymalonate (an inhibitor of malic enzymes) and mercaptopicolinate (an inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) as tools. Hydroxymalonate inhibited t

...xidase]] was inhibited by micromolar concentrations of [[antimycin A]], an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration. The inhibition was observed with all three su |topics=Inhibitor

...nd cytochrome c release induced by the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein inhibitor ABT-737.

...were within the same range as those observed for etomoxiryl-CoA, a potent inhibitor of CPT I. When a pancreatic INS(823/13), muscle L6E9, or kidney HEK293 cell

...uly U, Bir A, Chakrabarti S (2022) Cytotoxicity of mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor rotenone: a complex interplay of cell death pathways. https://doi.org/10.26 ...ages/6/64/Ganguly_2022_MitoFit.pdf Cytotoxicity of mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor rotenone: a complex interplay of cell death pathways]<br/>

...ACSF3) with enzymatic activity in the presence of [[malonate]] (Complex II inhibitor) and methylmalonate.

...oneutal and may be impaired by [[uncoupling]]. [[Aminooxyacetate]] is an [[inhibitor]] of the glutamate-aspartate carrier.

...nk JN, Maulucci G, Puglisi MA, Pani G, Gasbarrini A (2015) The multikinase inhibitor Sorafenib enhances glycolysis and synergizes with glycolysis blockade for c ...oxicity was dramatically increased by glucose withdrawal or the glycolytic inhibitor 2-DG. Under metabolic stress, activation of the AMP dependent Protein Kinas

|topics=Coupling efficiency;uncoupling, Inhibitor

...atory subunit). The hepatic monomer is larger than the muscle enzyme. Each inhibitor interacts via its thioester group at the palmitoyl-CoA binding site of the

...JH, Yook JI, Kang SG. (2022) Etomoxir, a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 inhibitor, combined with temozolomide reduces stemness and invasiveness in patient-de ...being realized. Etomoxir (ETO), a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) inhibitor exerts cytotoxic effects in GBM, which involve interrupting the FAO pathway

...the inner [[mitochondrial|mt]]-membrane of various tissues. Oa is a potent inhibitor of [[succinate dehydrogenase]].

|title=The novel Cyclophilin D inhibitor NVP019 reduces mitochondrial permeability transition in isolated rat and hu ...as to assess the potential of NVP019, a novel, non-immunosuppressive Cyp-D inhibitor with minimal off-target effects [3], to inhibit mitochondrial permeability

...hao Y, Li G, Liu T (2019) Empagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, alleviates atrial remodeling and improves mitochondrial function in high-f ...patients are less well-explored. We tested the hypothesis that the SGLT-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, can prevent atrial remodeling in a diabetic rat model.

::::* Mitochondrial preparations: specific substrate-inhibitor combinations for selectively stimulating electron entry through Complex I ( ::::* Kinetic inhibitor control: Kinetic studies with variation of a specific inhibitor yield apparent kinetic constants, such as the ''K''_I'.

...ective effects of ICA on ROT-treated cells was markedly abolished by SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP. Our findings demonstrate that ICA exerts a neuroprotective role thro |topics=Inhibitor

...uly U, Bir A, Chakrabarti S (2022) Cytotoxicity of mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor rotenone: a complex interplay of cell death pathways. Bioenerg Commun 2022. ...iseases including Parkinson’s disease. Because the mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor rotenone is widely used to develop experimental models of Parkinson’s dis

|abstract=Rotenone is a naturally occurring mitochondrial complex I inhibitor with a known association with parkinsonian phenotypes in both human populat |topics=Inhibitor

|description=Mitochondrial '''Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration''' ('''SUIT''') [[MitoPedia: SUIT |protocols]] are used with [[mi {{#ask:[[Additional label::Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration]]

|mitopedia topic=Inhibitor

...ce of succinate the Km value for malate was 1.9 mM. ATP was found to be an inhibitor competitive with malate, with a Ki (ATP) of 0.2 mM. This is the first repor

|description='''Myxothiazol''' Myx is an inhibitor of [[Complex III]] (CIII). CIII also inhibits [[Complex I|CI]]. Myxothiazol ..., Xia D, Yu C-A, Xia J-Z, Kachurin AM, Zhang L, Yu L, Deisenhofer J (1998) Inhibitor binding changes domain mobility in the iron–sulfur protein of the mitocho

.../sub>= 360 nM Ca²⁺). This regulation was not affected by RR, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter. Active respiration is regul |topics=Calcium, Inhibitor

...se in FAD fluorescence in comparison to control. NaN3 (5 mM), a complex IV inhibitor, and CCCP (10 μM), a protonophore, caused decrease in NADH and FAD fluores

...i A, Mach T, Dembińska-Kieć A (2013) Metabolic effects of the HIV protease inhibitor – saquinavir in differentiating human preadipocytes. Pharmacol Rep 65:93 Methods: The aim of the study was to characterize effects of the protease inhibitor (PI) - saquinavir (SQV) on metabolic functions, and gene expression during

|title=Siebels I, Dröse S (2013) Q-site inhibitor induced ROS production of mitochondrial complex II is attenuated by TCA cyc ...ccupied flavin site. Importantly, the ROS production induced by the Q-site inhibitor atpenin A5 was largely unaffected by the redox state of the Q pool and the

...dicating that CII, not CIII, is the ROS-producing site. The complex I (CI) inhibitor rotenone partially reduces the ROS production driven by high succinate leve

...oxygen species (ROS) metabolism remains unclear. In this study a specific inhibitor for the rate-limiting enzyme involved in peroxisomal FAO, [[acyl-CoA oxidas |topics=Inhibitor

...neration, which was effectively prevented by edoxaban, vorapaxar and GB83 (inhibitor of protease-activated receptor 2). Of note, exposure to FXa did not initiat

...e transfer of electrons from heme ''b''_H to oxidized Q (Qi site inhibitor). High concentrations of antimycin A also inhibit acyl-CoA oxidase and D-am * [[Myxothiazol]] - this CIII inhibitor induces less ROS production but is more expensive than Ama.

...energy-producing pathways in the developing embryo. However, the V-ATPase inhibitor exhibits a concentration-dependent inhibition of oxygen consumption in aero

...l muscles. For that purpose skinned fiber technique and multiple substrate inhibitor titration were adapted to tumor samples. In our animal tumor model (R1H) fu ...Skinned fiber technique, High-resolution respirometry, Multiple substrate inhibitor titration, Rat rhabdomyosarcoma R1H

|topics=ADP, Inhibitor, Substrate, Uncoupler, Amino acid

...lectron donation by NADPH and ferredoxin to plastoquinone. Antimycin A (an inhibitor of cyclic electron flow) increased the NADH DH activity and preserved the

...ate from direct mPT inhibition. We conclude that a clinically relevant mPT inhibitor should have a mitochondrial target and increase mitochondrial calcium reten

...s with glycolytic inhibitors. Indeed, iodoacetate (IA), an effective GAPDH inhibitor, caused about 70% drop in MDA-MB-231 cell viability at 20 μM while 40 μM |topics=Inhibitor

...l loss in the brain of the stefin B-deficient mice, implying a role of the inhibitor at the cross-talk between microglia and cerebellar cells. Detailed analysis

...greater after azide than after myxothiazol or cyanide. Desferrioxamine, an inhibitor of iron-catalyzed hydroxyl radical formation, delayed cell killing after ea

...OCR in the isolated mitochondria was not inhibited by Mdivi-1, a selective inhibitor of DRP1. Thus, we propose a novel function of OPA1 in regulating the CIV ac

...rophenol. Similarly, oxygen consumption sensitive to the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide was transiently increased by A23187, but returned to control

...in both heart and liver mitochondria. In liver, 2-oxoglutarate is a potent inhibitor of oxalacetate transamination to aspartate and activation of this enzyme by |topics=Calcium, Inhibitor, Redox state, Substrate

...='''Sodium vanadate (Na₃VO₄)''' is used as an ATPase inhibitor. |mitopedia topic=Inhibitor

...enting and treating obesity, as well as related diseases, using a microRNA inhibitor.

...presence of this compound (Trebst, 1980). Glycolaldehyde is a Calvin cycle inhibitor that prevents the regeneration of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate from triose pho ...iratory pathway to LEDR was examined by the use of the alternative oxidase inhibitor propyl gallate (Weger and Dasgupta, 1993). Addition of propyl gallate, adde

...isatnik MH, Dourado PMM, Kowaltowski AJ, Mochly-Rosen D (2019) A selective inhibitor of mitofusin 1-βIIPKC association improves heart failure outcome in rats. ...and dysfunctional mitochondria in heart failure. βIIPKC siRNA or a βIIPKC inhibitor mitigates mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death. We confirm that Mfn1-

...B, Trefely S, Nunez-Cruz S, Blair IA, June CH, Milone MC (2018) The CPT1a inhibitor, etomoxir induces severe oxidative stress at commonly used concentrations. |abstract=Etomoxir (ETO) is a widely used small-molecule inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) through its irreversible inhibitory effects o

...oxirate) and its characterization as an irreversible, active site-directed inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase A in isolated rat liver mitochondria. J B ...M (R)-TDGA-CoA). TDGA-CoA was identified as a complexing type irreversible inhibitor (Ki approximately 0.27 microM) by the double reciprocal relationship betwee

...ondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor) and Ca-074 Me (cathepsin B inhibitor) did not. TMRE and mitoSOX experiments revealed that 18 h of CIT and reperf

...ells and primary antigen-restricted mouse CTLs with the cathepsin L (CatL) inhibitor L1 resulted in a marked inhibition of perforin-dependent target cell death

...en bacterium ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' is known to produce the Complex IV inhibitor HCN and a blue phenazine pigment, pyocyanin (PCN), which harbors many poten |topics=Aerobic glycolysis, Inhibitor, Oxygen kinetics, Redox state

...oxidoreductase amytal revealed a higher sensitivity of respiration to this inhibitor indicating an elevated flux control coefficient of this enzyme. (iii) Apply

...g NAD(P)H oxidoreductases, diphenyliodonium (DPI), could be employed as an inhibitor of O2-. production by NADH oxidoreductase, which functions as a selective p

...<u>Chakrabarti Sasanka</u> (2022) Cytotoxicity of mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor rotenone: a complex interplay of cell death pathways. Bioblast 2022: BEC In ...early established. We show here that the classical mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor rotenone (0.5 µM) causes death of SH-SY5Y cells (a human neuroblastoma cel

...ca-Worms D (2019) Mechanism-specific pharmacodynamics of a novel Complex-I inhibitor quantified by imaging reversal of consumptive hypoxia with [18F]FAZA PET '' ...itable vulnerability. In this regard, IACS-010759 is a novel high affinity inhibitor of OxPhos targeting mitochondrial complex-I that has recently completed a P

...enhanced IL-1β processing. Pretreatment of macrophages with the cathepsin inhibitor E-64d did not affect secretion of IL-1β, suggesting that the increased cat

...st step of FAO), but was only partially inhibited by rotenone (a complex I inhibitor). Although palmitoyl-CoA and octanoyl-CoA provided reducing equivalents to |topics=Cyt c, Inhibitor

...vity in purified mitochondria. GSK-2837808A, in contrast, is a competitive inhibitor of NAD, which cannot cross the inner mitochondrial membrane. GSK-2837808A d |topics=Inhibitor

...d fibers was inhibited by high concentrations of L-AC, indicating that the inhibitor can be transported via the acyl-carnitine transporter, too. The combined us