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- Agudelo 2014 Cell + (Depression is a debilitating condition wit β¦ Depression is a debilitating condition with a profound impact on quality of life for millions of people worldwide. Physical exercise is used as a treatment strategy for many patients, but the mechanisms that underlie its beneficial effects remain unknown. Here, we describe a mechanism by which skeletal muscle PGC-1Ξ±1 induced by exercise training changes kynurenine metabolism and protects from stress-induced depression. Activation of the PGC-1Ξ±1-PPARΞ±/Ξ΄ pathway increases skeletal muscle expression of kynurenine aminotransferases, thus enhancing the conversion of kynurenine into kynurenic acid, a metabolite unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Reducing plasma kynurenine protects the brain from stress-induced changes associated with depression and renders skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1Ξ±1 transgenic mice resistant to depression induced by chronic mild stress or direct kynurenine administration. This study opens therapeutic avenues for the treatment of depression by targeting the PGC-1Ξ±1-PPAR axis in skeletal muscle, without the need to cross the blood-brain barrier.the need to cross the blood-brain barrier.)
