Dinitrophenole

high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution

Dinitrophenole

Description

2,4-dinitrophenole (C₆H₄N₂O₅; M = 184.11 g·mol^-1) is a protonophore acting as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation.

Abbreviation: DNP

Reference: Steinlechner-Maran 1996 Am J Physiol Cell Physiol

2,4-dinitrophenole (DNP) is a compound that was designed for the manufacture of munitions during the first world war and lately described in 1933 by Maurice Tainter as a weight loss drug due to its effect on basal metabolic rate. DNP decreases the ADP phosphorylation in mitochondria preventing the uptake of inorganic phosphate into the organelle. At the same time, its characteristics as ionophore stimulates oxygen consumption, increasing proton conductance and heat dissipation.

Application in HRR

Preparation of 10 mM DNP stock solution (dissolved in H₂O):

Caution: Toxic!

Weigh 3.7 mg of DNP (M = 184.11 g·mol^-1).
Dissolve in 1.2 mL H₂O.
Neutralize with 1 M KOH.
Adjust final volume to 2 mL and divide into 0.2 mL portions.
Store at -20 °C.

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Specific

» Artefacts by single dose uncoupling

» ATP synthase

» CCCP

» Coupling-control protocol

» DNP

» Dyscoupled respiration

» FCCP

» Is respiration uncoupled - noncoupled - dyscoupled?

» Noncoupled respiration: Discussion

» Uncoupler

» Uncoupled respiration - see » Noncoupled respiration

» Uncoupling proteins

» Uncoupling protein 1

» Uncoupler titrations - Optimum uncoupler concentration

Respiratory states and control ratios

» Biochemical coupling efficiency

» Coupling-control state

» Electron-transfer-pathway state

» Electron-transfer pathway

ET capacity

» E-L coupling efficiency

» Flux control efficiency

» Flux control ratio

» LEAK-control ratio

» LEAK respiration

» Noncoupled respiration

» OXPHOS

» OXPHOS capacity; » State 3

» OXPHOS-control ratio, P/E ratio

» Respiratory acceptor control ratio

» ROUTINE-control ratio

» ROUTINE respiration

» ROUTINE state

» State 3u

» State 4

» Uncoupling-control ratio UCR

Gnaiger E et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v1
Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002

General (alphabetical order)

» Adenine nucleotide translocase

» Adenylates

» Electron transfer pathway

» Mitochondrial preparations

» mt-membrane potential

» Oxygen flux

» Phosphorylation system

» Proton leak

» Proton slip

» TIP2k

Other keyword lists