Template:Keywords: Charge

Terms and symbols in the context of charge

Charge of the proton versus charge per proton

Proton charge is the elementary charge e [C·x^-1], which is charge Q_elH⁺ [C] of protons divided by the count N_H⁺ [x] of protons. This distinction is not made sufficiently clear by IUPAC, when defining "-e is the charge of an electron" — it must be corrected to "-e is the charge per electron".

For comparison, the name "charge density of electrons" is used by IUPAC with symbol ρ [C·m^-3]. Dividing ρ by the count concentration of electrons [x·m^-3], we obtain the unit [C·x^-1] for the electron charge. Therefore, electron charge (or proton charge) is clearly the charge per particle.

Ambiguity of Q_B

IUPAC defines the charge number of an ion as: z_B = Q_B/e. Therefore, Q_B = z_B∙e. The subscript in Q_B indicates per elementary entity B. This is opposite to the subscript in V_B as the symbol for the volume of a substance of type B (e.g. V_O2 [L]). For consistency with this convention, the symbol Q_elB or Q_elX [C] is used for indicating charge of a substance of type B or X, distinguished from particle charge as the quantity of charge per elementary entity X with symbol Q_UX [C∙x^-1]. To avoid too long and multiple subscript levels, Q_UX is used instead of Q_UX, and the ‘el’ is dropped from Q_elUX. The particle charge Q_UH⁺ of the proton is defined as elementary charge e. Therefore, the charge number of the proton is z_H⁺ = Q_UH⁺/e = 1.

Keywords

» charge Q_elX

» charge number z_X

» electrochemical constant f

» elementary charge e

» Faraday constant F

» particle charge Q_UX

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Normalization of charge and canonical symbols

Quantity	Unit	Normalized for quantity	Unit	Canonical symbol	Unit	Practical symbol	Quantity
charge QelX	[C]	/ count NX	[x]	= QUX	[C·x-1]		particle charge (IUPAC: QB)
charge QelX	[C]	/ amount nX	[mol]	= QnX	[C·mol-1]		charge number times Faraday constant
charge QelX	[C]	/ volume VX	[m3]	= QVX	[C·m-3]	ρel	charge density
charge QelX	[C]	/ mass mX	[kg]	= QmX	[C·kg-1]		specific charge
count NX	[x]	/ charge QelX	[C]	= NeX	[x·C-1]
amount nX	[mol]	/ charge QelX	[C]	= neX	[mol·C-1]
volume VX	[m3]	/ charge QelX	[C]	= QVX	[m3·C-1]	ρel-1
mass mX	[kg]	/ charge QelX	[C]	= MeX	[kg·C-1]