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Difference between revisions of "Malate-anaplerotic pathway control state"

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== M(P) ==
== M(P) ==
OXPHOS state (''P'') with malate as the only substrate is evaluated in the following SUIT protocol:
Β 
If malate anaplerotic pathways are present, malate alone may allow the evaluation of OXPHOS state (''P''). However, to ensure OXPHOS state, a combination of NADH-linked substrates should be performed (i.e. PM, GM, PGM). OXPHOS state (''P'') is evaluated in the following SUIT protocol:
:::*[[SUIT-027]]
:::*[[SUIT-027]]
::::* DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): [[SUIT-027 O2 ce-pce D065]]
::::* DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): [[SUIT-027 O2 ce-pce D065]]
OXPHOS state (''P'') with malate as the only substrate is evaluated in the following SUIT protocols, however, a low amount of malate is used, in order to have no malate anaplerosis:
:::*[[SUIT-002]]
::::* DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria, tissue homogenate and cells already permeabilized when they are added to the chamber (mt): [[SUIT-002 O2 mt D005]]
::::* DL-Protocol for permeabilized muscle fibers (pfi): [[SUIT-002 O2 pfi D006]]
::::* DL-Protocol for living cells, that will be permeabilized in the chamber (ce-pce): [[SUIT-002 O2 ce-pce D007]]
::::* DL-Protocol for living PBMC and platelets, that will be permeabilized in the chamber (ce-pce): [[SUIT-002 O2 ce-pce D007a]]
:::*[[SUIT-025]]
::::* DL-Protocol for isolated mitochondria and tissue homogenate (mt): [[SUIT-025 O2 mt D057]]


== M(E) ==
== M(E) ==

Revision as of 09:42, 30 April 2020


high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Malate-anaplerotic pathway control state

Description

M

M: Malate alone does not support respiration of mt-preparations if oxaloacetate cannot be metabolized further in the absence of a source of acetyl-CoA. Transport of oxaloacetate across the inner mt-membrane is restricted particularly in liver. Mitochondrial citrate and 2-oxoglutarate (Ξ±-ketoglutarate) are depleted by antiport with malate. Succinate is lost from the mitochondria through the dicarboxylate carrier. OXPHOS capacity with malate alone is only 1.3% of that with Pyruvate&Malate in isolated rat skeletal muscle mitochondria. However, many mammalian and non-mammalian mitochondria have a mt-isoform of NADP+- or NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme (mtME), the latter being particularly active in proliferating cells. Then the anaplerotic pathway control state with malate alone (aN) supports high respiratory activities comparable to the NADH-linked pathway control states (N) with pyruvate&malate or glutamate&malate substrate combinations (PM pathway control state, GM pathway control state).

Abbreviation: M

Reference: Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways - Chapter 3.1


MitoPedia concepts: SUIT state 

Communicated by Gnaiger E 2016-01-24, edited 2016-11-30.
M and malic enzyme

M(L)

M(P)

If malate anaplerotic pathways are present, malate alone may allow the evaluation of OXPHOS state (P). However, to ensure OXPHOS state, a combination of NADH-linked substrates should be performed (i.e. PM, GM, PGM). OXPHOS state (P) is evaluated in the following SUIT protocol:

M(E)