Difference between revisions of "Fatty acid oxidation"
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|abbr=FAO | |abbr=FAO | ||
|description='''Fatty acid oxidation''' (ÎČ-oxidation) is a multi-step process by which [[fatty acid]]s are broken down to generate acetyl-CoA, NADH and FADH<sub>2</sub> for further energy | |description='''Fatty acid oxidation''' (ÎČ-oxidation) is a multi-step process by which [[fatty acid]]s are broken down to generate acetyl-CoA, NADH and FADH<sub>2</sub> for further energy transformation. Fatty acids (short chain with 4â8, medium-chain with 6â12, long chain with 14-22 carbon atoms) are activated by fatty acyl-CoA synthases (thiokinases) in the cytosol. The mt-outer membrane enzyme [[carnitine palmitoyltransferase I]] (CPT 1) generates an acyl-carnitine intermediate for transport into the mt-matrix. [[Octanoate]], but not [[palmitate]], (eight- and 16-carbon saturated fatty acids) may pass the mt-membranes, but both are frequently supplied to mt-preparations in the activated form of [[octanoylcarnitine]] or [[palmitoylcarnitine]]. [[Electron-transferring flavoprotein complex]] (CETF) is located on the matrix face of the mt-inner membrane, and supplies electrons from fatty acid ÎČ-oxidation (FAO) to CoQ. | ||
 | |info=[[Gnaiger 2019 MitoPathways]] | ||
[[Electron-transferring flavoprotein complex]] (CETF) is located on the matrix face of the | |||
|info=[[Gnaiger | |||
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[[Talk:Fatty acid oxidation]] | |||
== FAO and [[HRR]] == | |||
:::: FAO cannot proceed without a substrate combination of fatty acids & [[malate]], and inhibition of CI blocks FAO completely. Fatty acids are split stepwise into two carbon fragments forming acetyl-CoA, which enters the TCA cycle by condensation with oxaloacetate (CS reaction). Therefore, FAO implies simultaneous electron transfer into the [[Q-junction]] through CETF and CI. | |||
:::: Studies with FAO in mt-preparations are conducted with mitochondrial respiration media (MiR05Cr, [[MiR06]], etc.) with fatty acid-free [[BSA]] <ref> Lemieux H, Semsroth S, Antretter H, Höfer D, Gnaiger E (2011) Mitochondrial respiratory control and early defects of oxidative phosphorylation in the failing human heart. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 43:1729â38. [[Lemieux 2011 Int J Biochem Cell Biol |»Bioblast Access«]] </ref>, <ref> Pesta D, Hoppel F, Macek C, Messner H, Faulhaber M, Kobel C, Parson W, Burtscher M, Schocke M, Gnaiger E (2011) Similar qualitative and quantitative changes of mitochondrial respiration following strength and endurance training in normoxia and hypoxia in sedentary humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301:R1078â87. [[Pesta 2011 Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol |»Open Access«]] </ref>, <ref> Pesta D, Gnaiger E (2012) High-resolution respirometry. OXPHOS protocols for human cells and permeabilized fibres from small biopsies of human muscle. Methods Mol Biol 810:25-58. [[Pesta 2012 Methods Mol Biol |»Bioblast Access«]] </ref>. | :::: Studies with FAO in mt-preparations are conducted with mitochondrial respiration media (MiR05Cr, [[MiR06]], etc.) with fatty acid-free [[BSA]] <ref> Lemieux H, Semsroth S, Antretter H, Höfer D, Gnaiger E (2011) Mitochondrial respiratory control and early defects of oxidative phosphorylation in the failing human heart. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 43:1729â38. [[Lemieux 2011 Int J Biochem Cell Biol |»Bioblast Access«]] </ref>, <ref> Pesta D, Hoppel F, Macek C, Messner H, Faulhaber M, Kobel C, Parson W, Burtscher M, Schocke M, Gnaiger E (2011) Similar qualitative and quantitative changes of mitochondrial respiration following strength and endurance training in normoxia and hypoxia in sedentary humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301:R1078â87. [[Pesta 2011 Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol |»Open Access«]] </ref>, <ref> Pesta D, Gnaiger E (2012) High-resolution respirometry. OXPHOS protocols for human cells and permeabilized fibres from small biopsies of human muscle. Methods Mol Biol 810:25-58. [[Pesta 2012 Methods Mol Biol |»Bioblast Access«]] </ref>. | ||
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:» [[Talk:Fatty acid oxidation |O2k-Network discussion forum: fatty acids used in permeabilized fibre assays]] | :» [[Talk:Fatty acid oxidation |O2k-Network discussion forum: fatty acids used in permeabilized fibre assays]] | ||
:» [[F-pathway control state]] | :» [[F-pathway control state]] | ||
{{MitoPedia methods | |||
|mitopedia method=Respirometry | |||
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{{MitoPedia topics | |||
|mitopedia topic=Substrate and metabolite | |||
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Revision as of 15:11, 7 November 2019
Description
Fatty acid oxidation (ÎČ-oxidation) is a multi-step process by which fatty acids are broken down to generate acetyl-CoA, NADH and FADH2 for further energy transformation. Fatty acids (short chain with 4â8, medium-chain with 6â12, long chain with 14-22 carbon atoms) are activated by fatty acyl-CoA synthases (thiokinases) in the cytosol. The mt-outer membrane enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT 1) generates an acyl-carnitine intermediate for transport into the mt-matrix. Octanoate, but not palmitate, (eight- and 16-carbon saturated fatty acids) may pass the mt-membranes, but both are frequently supplied to mt-preparations in the activated form of octanoylcarnitine or palmitoylcarnitine. Electron-transferring flavoprotein complex (CETF) is located on the matrix face of the mt-inner membrane, and supplies electrons from fatty acid ÎČ-oxidation (FAO) to CoQ.
Abbreviation: FAO
Reference: Gnaiger 2019 MitoPathways
MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry:
O2k-Open Support
Talk:Fatty acid oxidation
FAO and HRR
- FAO cannot proceed without a substrate combination of fatty acids & malate, and inhibition of CI blocks FAO completely. Fatty acids are split stepwise into two carbon fragments forming acetyl-CoA, which enters the TCA cycle by condensation with oxaloacetate (CS reaction). Therefore, FAO implies simultaneous electron transfer into the Q-junction through CETF and CI.
SUITbrowser question: Fatty acid oxidation
- SUIT protocols can assess the respiration stimulated by fatty acid oxidation, with the participation of the electron-transferring flavoprotein complex.
- The SUITbrowser can be used to find the best SUIT protocols to answer this and other research questions.
References
- â Lemieux H, Semsroth S, Antretter H, Höfer D, Gnaiger E (2011) Mitochondrial respiratory control and early defects of oxidative phosphorylation in the failing human heart. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 43:1729â38. »Bioblast Access«
- â Pesta D, Hoppel F, Macek C, Messner H, Faulhaber M, Kobel C, Parson W, Burtscher M, Schocke M, Gnaiger E (2011) Similar qualitative and quantitative changes of mitochondrial respiration following strength and endurance training in normoxia and hypoxia in sedentary humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301:R1078â87. »Open Access«
- â Pesta D, Gnaiger E (2012) High-resolution respirometry. OXPHOS protocols for human cells and permeabilized fibres from small biopsies of human muscle. Methods Mol Biol 810:25-58. »Bioblast Access«
- â Oliveira AF, Cunha DA, Ladriere L, Igoillo-Esteve M, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Cnop M (2015) In vitro use of free fatty acids bound to albumin: A comparison of protocols. Biotechniques 58:228-33. »Open Access«
- » O2k-Network discussion forum: fatty acids used in permeabilized fibre assays
- » F-pathway control state
MitoPedia methods:
Respirometry
MitoPedia topics:
Substrate and metabolite