Difference between revisions of "E-L coupling efficiency"
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{{MitoPedia | {{MitoPedia | ||
|abbr=''j<sub>≈E</sub> | |abbr=''j<sub>≈E</sub> | ||
|description=[[Image:j--E.jpg|50 px|ETS coupling efficiency]] The '''ETS coupling efficiency''' (''E-L'' coupling control factor) is a normalized flux ratio, ''j<sub>≈E</sub>'' = ''≈E/E'' = (''E-L'')/''E'' = 1-''L/E''. ''j<sub>≈E</sub>'' is 0.0 at zero coupling (''L''=''E'') and 1.0 at the limit of a fully coupled system (''L''=0). The [[LEAK]] state is stimulated to [[ETS]] by [[uncoupler]] titration. LEAK states ''L''<sub>N</sub> or ''L''<sub>T</sub> may be stimulated first by saturating ADP (State ''P'') with subsequent uncoupler titration to State ''E''. The ETS coupling efficiency is based on measurement of a [[coupling control ratio]] ([[LEAK control ratio]], ''L/E''), whereas the thermodynamic or [[ergodynamic efficiency]] of coupling between ATP production (DT phosphorylation) and oxygen consumption is based on measurement of the output/input flux ratio (~P/O<sub>2</sub> ratio) and output/input force ratio (Gibbs force of phosphorylation/Gibbs force of oxidation). [[Biochemical coupling efficiency]] is either expressed as the ETS coupling efficiency, ''j<sub>≈E</sub>'', or [[OXPHOS coupling efficiency]], ''j<sub>≈P</sub>''. | |description=[[Image:j--E.jpg|50 px|ETS coupling efficiency]] The '''ETS coupling efficiency''' (''E-L'' coupling control factor) is a normalized flux ratio, ''j<sub>≈E</sub>'' = ''≈E/E'' = (''E-L'')/''E'' = 1-''L/E''. ''j<sub>≈E</sub>'' is 0.0 at zero coupling (''L''=''E'') and 1.0 at the limit of a fully coupled system (''L''=0). The background state is the [[LEAK]] state which is stimulated to [[ETS]] reference state by [[uncoupler]] titration. LEAK states ''L''<sub>N</sub> or ''L''<sub>T</sub> may be stimulated first by saturating ADP (State ''P'') with subsequent uncoupler titration to State ''E''. The ETS coupling efficiency is based on measurement of a [[coupling control ratio]] ([[LEAK control ratio]], ''L/E''), whereas the thermodynamic or [[ergodynamic efficiency]] of coupling between ATP production (DT phosphorylation) and oxygen consumption is based on measurement of the output/input flux ratio (~P/O<sub>2</sub> ratio) and output/input force ratio (Gibbs force of phosphorylation/Gibbs force of oxidation). [[Biochemical coupling efficiency]] is either expressed as the ETS coupling efficiency, ''j<sub>≈E</sub>'', or [[OXPHOS coupling efficiency]], ''j<sub>≈P</sub>'', obtained in a [[coupling control protocol]] (phosphorylation control protocol). | ||
» [[#Biochemical_coupling_efficiency:_from_0_to_.3C1 | '''MiPNet article''']] | » [[#Biochemical_coupling_efficiency:_from_0_to_.3C1 | '''MiPNet article''']] | ||
|info=[[Flux control factor]] | |info=[[Flux control factor]] | ||
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= Biochemical coupling efficiency: from 0 to <1 = | = Biochemical coupling efficiency: from 0 to <1 = | ||
{{Publication | {{Publication | ||
|title=Gnaiger E ( | |title=Gnaiger E (2015) Biochemical coupling efficiency: from 0 to <1. Mitochondr Physiol Network 2015-01-18. | ||
|info= | |info= | ||
|authors=OROBOROS | |authors=OROBOROS | ||
|year= | |year=2015 | ||
|journal=MiPNet | |journal=MiPNet | ||
|abstract=Zooming in on '''biochemical coupling efficiency'''. | |abstract=Zooming in on '''biochemical coupling efficiency''', ''j<sub>≈E</sub>'' compared to ''j<sub>≈P</sub>''. | ||
|mipnetlab=AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E | |mipnetlab=AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|instruments=Theory | |instruments=Theory | ||
}} | }} | ||
== | Quantification of coupling of mitochondrial respiration is a fundamental component of OXPHOS analysis.<ref>Gnaiger E (2014) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 4th ed. Mitochondr Physiol Network 19.12. OROBOROS MiPNet Publications, Innsbruck:80 pp. [[Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways |»Open Access]]«</ref>,<ref>Gnaiger E. Is respiration uncoupled - noncoupled - dyscoupled? Mitochondr Physiol Network. »[[Uncoupler]]«</ref> [[Biochemical coupling efficiency]] is distinguished from [[ergodynamic efficiency]].<ref>Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65: 1983-2002. [[Gnaiger 1993 Pure Appl Chem |»Open Access]]«</ref>,<ref>Gnaiger E (1993) Efficiency and power strategies under hypoxia. Is low efficiency at high glycolytic ATP production a paradox? In: Surviving Hypoxia: Mechanisms of Control and Adaptation. Hochachka PW, Lutz PL, Sick T, Rosenthal M, Van den Thillart G (eds) CRC Press, Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo: 77-109. [[Gnaiger 1993 Hypoxia |»Bioblast Access]]«</ref>,<ref>Gnaiger E (2015) Cell ergometry: OXPHOS and ETS coupling efficiency. Mitochondr Physiol Network 2015-01-18. [[OXPHOS_coupling_efficiency#Cell_ergometry:_OXPHOS_and_ETS_coupling_efficiency |»Bioblast link]]«</ref> | ||
[[File:EPL-free and excess.jpg|right|400px|thumb|[[Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways |The Blue Book 2014]]: Fig. 2.4.]] | |||
== Coupling control states for ''j<sub>≈E</sub>'' == | |||
::» [[Respiratory state]], [[ETS-competent substrate state]], [[Electron transfer system]] | |||
* [[Reference state]], ''Z<sub>X</sub>'': [[Image:E.jpg|link=ETS capacity|ETS capacity]] [[ETS capacity]], ''E'' = ''E´''-ROX | |||
* [[Background state]], ''Y<sub>X</sub>'': [[Image:L.jpg|link=LEAK respiration|LEAK]] [[LEAK respiration]], ''L'' = ''L´''-ROX | |||
* [[Metabolic control variable]], ''X=Z<sub>X</sub>-Y<sub>X</sub>'': [[Image:E-L.jpg|50 px|link=Free ETS capacity |Free ETS capacity]] [[Free ETS capacity]], ''≈E'' = ''E-L'' | |||
== Flux control ratio and flux control factor == | |||
::» [[Flux control ratio]], ''FCR'', [[Flux control factor]], ''FCF'' | |||
* [[Coupling control ratio]], ''Y<sub>X</sub>/Z<sub>X</sub>'': [[Image:L over E.jpg|50 px|link=LEAK control ratio |LEAK control ratio]] [[LEAK control ratio]] (''L/E'' coupling control ratio), ''L/E'' | |||
* [[Coupling control factor]], 1-''Y<sub>X</sub>/Z<sub>X</sub>'': [[Image:j--E.jpg|50 px|link=ETS coupling efficiency |ETS coupling efficiency]] [[ETS coupling efficiency]]: ''j<sub>≈E</sub>'' = ''≈E/E'' =(''E-L'')/''E'' = 1-''L/E'' | |||
=== | == Compare == | ||
=== mt-Preparations === | |||
:: [[Image:j--P.jpg|50 px|link=OXPHOS coupling efficiency |OXPHOS coupling efficiency]] [[OXPHOS coupling efficiency]], ''P-L'' control factor: ''j<sub>≈P</sub>'' = ''≈P/P'' = (''P-L'')/''P'' = 1-''L/P'' | |||
:: [[Image:NetP over E.jpg|60 px|link=NetOXPHOS control ratio |netOXPHOS control ratio]] [[netOXPHOS control ratio]], ''≈P/E'' control ratio: ''≈P/E'' = (''P-L'')/''E'' | |||
:: [[Image:P.jpg|link=OXPHOS capacity|OXPHOS]] [[OXPHOS capacity]], ''P'' = ''P´''-ROX | |||
[[ | === Intact cells === | ||
:: [[Image:j--R.jpg|50 px|link=ROUTINE coupling efficiency |ROUTINE coupling efficiency]] [[ROUTINE coupling efficiency]], (''R-L'' or ''≈R'' control factor): ''j<sub>≈R</sub>'' = ''≈R/R'' = (''R-L'')/''R'' = 1-''L/R'' | |||
:: [[Image:NetR over E.jpg|60 px|link=NetROUTINE control ratio |netROUTINE control ratio]] [[netROUTINE control ratio]], ''≈R/E'' control ratio: ''≈R/E'' = (''R-L'')/''E'' | |||
:: [[Image:R.jpg|link=ROUTINE respiration|ROUTINE]] [[ROUTINE respiration]], ''R'' = ''R´''-ROX | |||
== References == | |||
<references/> | |||
= MitoPedia: related terms = | |||
=== Coupling control factors: biochemical efficiencies === | === Coupling control factors: biochemical efficiencies === | ||
:: [[Image:j--P.jpg|50 px|link=OXPHOS coupling efficiency |OXPHOS coupling efficiency]] [[OXPHOS coupling efficiency]], (''P-L'' or ''≈P'' control factor): ''j<sub>≈P</sub>'' = ''≈P/P'' = (''P-L'')/''P'' = 1-''L/P'' | :: [[Image:j--P.jpg|50 px|link=OXPHOS coupling efficiency |OXPHOS coupling efficiency]] [[OXPHOS coupling efficiency]], (''P-L'' or ''≈P'' control factor): ''j<sub>≈P</sub>'' = ''≈P/P'' = (''P-L'')/''P'' = 1-''L/P'' | ||
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:: [[Image:jExP.jpg|50 px|link=Excess E-P capacity factor |Excess ''E-P'' capacity factor]] [[Excess E-P capacity factor |Excess ''E-P'' capacity factor]], ''E-P'' coupling control factor: ''j<sub>ExP</sub>'' = (''E-P'')/''E'' = 1-''P/E'' | :: [[Image:jExP.jpg|50 px|link=Excess E-P capacity factor |Excess ''E-P'' capacity factor]] [[Excess E-P capacity factor |Excess ''E-P'' capacity factor]], ''E-P'' coupling control factor: ''j<sub>ExP</sub>'' = (''E-P'')/''E'' = 1-''P/E'' | ||
:: [[Image:jExR.jpg|50 px|link=Excess E-R capacity factor |Excess ''E-R'' capacity factor]] [[Excess E-R capacity factor |Excess ''E-R'' capacity factor]], ''E-R'' coupling control factor: ''j<sub>ExR</sub>'' = (''E-R'')/''E'' = 1-''R/E'' | :: [[Image:jExR.jpg|50 px|link=Excess E-R capacity factor |Excess ''E-R'' capacity factor]] [[Excess E-R capacity factor |Excess ''E-R'' capacity factor]], ''E-R'' coupling control factor: ''j<sub>ExR</sub>'' = (''E-R'')/''E'' = 1-''R/E'' | ||
=== Coupling control ratios === | === Coupling control ratios === | ||
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:: [[Image:NetP over E.jpg|60 px|link=NetOXPHOS control ratio |netOXPHOS control ratio]] [[netOXPHOS control ratio]], ''≈P/E'' control ratio: ''≈P/E'' = (''P-L'')/''E'' | :: [[Image:NetP over E.jpg|60 px|link=NetOXPHOS control ratio |netOXPHOS control ratio]] [[netOXPHOS control ratio]], ''≈P/E'' control ratio: ''≈P/E'' = (''P-L'')/''E'' | ||
:: [[Image:NetR over E.jpg|60 px|link=NetROUTINE control ratio |netROUTINE control ratio]] [[netROUTINE control ratio]], ''≈R/E'' control ratio: ''≈R/E'' = (''R-L'')/''E'' | :: [[Image:NetR over E.jpg|60 px|link=NetROUTINE control ratio |netROUTINE control ratio]] [[netROUTINE control ratio]], ''≈R/E'' control ratio: ''≈R/E'' = (''R-L'')/''E'' | ||
Revision as of 15:59, 19 January 2015
- high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution
E-L coupling efficiency
Description
.jpg){kind=small}
The ETS coupling efficiency (E-L coupling control factor) is a normalized flux ratio, j≈E = ≈E/E = (E-L)/E = 1-L/E. j≈E is 0.0 at zero coupling (L=E) and 1.0 at the limit of a fully coupled system (L=0). The background state is the LEAK state which is stimulated to ETS reference state by uncoupler titration. LEAK states LN or LT may be stimulated first by saturating ADP (State P) with subsequent uncoupler titration to State E. The ETS coupling efficiency is based on measurement of a coupling control ratio (LEAK control ratio, L/E), whereas the thermodynamic or ergodynamic efficiency of coupling between ATP production (DT phosphorylation) and oxygen consumption is based on measurement of the output/input flux ratio (~P/O2 ratio) and output/input force ratio (Gibbs force of phosphorylation/Gibbs force of oxidation). Biochemical coupling efficiency is either expressed as the ETS coupling efficiency, j≈E, or OXPHOS coupling efficiency, j≈P, obtained in a coupling control protocol (phosphorylation control protocol).
» MiPNet article
Abbreviation: j≈E
Reference: Flux control factor
MitoPedia methods:
Respirometry
MitoPedia topics: "Respiratory control ratio" is not in the list (Enzyme, Medium, Inhibitor, Substrate and metabolite, Uncoupler, Sample preparation, Permeabilization agent, EAGLE, MitoGlobal Organizations, MitoGlobal Centres, ...) of allowed values for the "MitoPedia topic" property.
Respiratory control ratio"Respiratory control ratio" is not in the list (Enzyme, Medium, Inhibitor, Substrate and metabolite, Uncoupler, Sample preparation, Permeabilization agent, EAGLE, MitoGlobal Organizations, MitoGlobal Centres, ...) of allowed values for the "MitoPedia topic" property.
Biochemical coupling efficiency: from 0 to <1
| Gnaiger E (2015) Biochemical coupling efficiency: from 0 to <1. Mitochondr Physiol Network 2015-01-18. |
Abstract: Zooming in on biochemical coupling efficiency, j≈E compared to j≈P.
• O2k-Network Lab: AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E
Labels:
Regulation: Coupling efficiency;uncoupling
Coupling state: LEAK, ETS"ETS" is not in the list (LEAK, ROUTINE, OXPHOS, ET) of allowed values for the "Coupling states" property.
HRR: Theory
Quantification of coupling of mitochondrial respiration is a fundamental component of OXPHOS analysis.[1],[2] Biochemical coupling efficiency is distinguished from ergodynamic efficiency.[3],[4],[5]
The Blue Book 2014: Fig. 2.4.
Coupling control states for j≈E
- Reference state, ZX:
ETS capacity, E = E´-ROX - Background state, YX:
LEAK respiration, L = L´-ROX - Metabolic control variable, X=ZX-YX:
Free ETS capacity, ≈E = E-L
Flux control ratio and flux control factor
- » Flux control ratio, FCR, Flux control factor, FCF
- Coupling control ratio, YX/ZX:
LEAK control ratio (L/E coupling control ratio), L/E - Coupling control factor, 1-YX/ZX:
ETS coupling efficiency: j≈E = ≈E/E =(E-L)/E = 1-L/E
Compare
mt-Preparations
OXPHOS coupling efficiency, P-L control factor: j≈P = ≈P/P = (P-L)/P = 1-L/P
netOXPHOS control ratio, ≈P/E control ratio: ≈P/E = (P-L)/E
OXPHOS capacity, P = P´-ROX
Intact cells
ROUTINE coupling efficiency, (R-L or ≈R control factor): j≈R = ≈R/R = (R-L)/R = 1-L/R
netROUTINE control ratio, ≈R/E control ratio: ≈R/E = (R-L)/E
ROUTINE respiration, R = R´-ROX
References
- ↑ Gnaiger E (2014) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 4th ed. Mitochondr Physiol Network 19.12. OROBOROS MiPNet Publications, Innsbruck:80 pp. »Open Access«
- ↑ Gnaiger E. Is respiration uncoupled - noncoupled - dyscoupled? Mitochondr Physiol Network. »Uncoupler«
- ↑ Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65: 1983-2002. »Open Access«
- ↑ Gnaiger E (1993) Efficiency and power strategies under hypoxia. Is low efficiency at high glycolytic ATP production a paradox? In: Surviving Hypoxia: Mechanisms of Control and Adaptation. Hochachka PW, Lutz PL, Sick T, Rosenthal M, Van den Thillart G (eds) CRC Press, Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo: 77-109. »Bioblast Access«
- ↑ Gnaiger E (2015) Cell ergometry: OXPHOS and ETS coupling efficiency. Mitochondr Physiol Network 2015-01-18. »Bioblast link«
Coupling control factors: biochemical efficiencies
- OXPHOS coupling efficiency, (P-L or ≈P control factor): j≈P = ≈P/P = (P-L)/P = 1-L/P
- ROUTINE coupling efficiency: j≈R = ≈R/R =(R-L)/R = 1-L/R
- ETS coupling efficiency, E-L coupling control factor: j≈E = ≈E/E = (E-L)/E = 1-L/E
Coupling control factors: apparent excess capacity factors
Excess E-P capacity factor, E-P coupling control factor: jExP = (E-P)/E = 1-P/E
Excess E-R capacity factor, E-R coupling control factor: jExR = (E-R)/E = 1-R/E
Coupling control ratios
L/P coupling control ratio: L/P
L/R coupling control ratio, L/R- LEAK control ratio, L/E
OXPHOS control ratio, P/E
ROUTINE control ratio, R/E- netOXPHOS control ratio, ≈P/E control ratio: ≈P/E = (P-L)/E
- netROUTINE control ratio, ≈R/E control ratio: ≈R/E = (R-L)/E
