Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. More information

Bound energy

From Bioblast
The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.


high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Bound energy

Description

The bound energy change in a closed system is that part of the total energy change that is always bound to an exchange of heat,

dB = dU - dA [Eq. 1]
B = ∆H - ∆G [Eq. 2]

The free energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; dA or dG) is the total energy change (total inner energy or enthalpy, dU or dH) of a system minus the bound energy change.

Therefore, if a process occurs at equilibrium, when dG = 0 (at constant gas pressure), then dH = dB, and at deW = 0 (dH = deQ + deW; see energy) we obtain the definition of the bound energy as the heat change taking place in an equilibrium process (eq),

dB = T∙dS = deQeq [Eq. 3]

Abbreviation: B [J]

History

  • From Kubo 1976 North-Holland: "Free energy" is due to H. van Helmholtz (1882), and means that part of the internal energy that can be converted into work, as seen in the equation dF = dA for an isothermal quasi-static process. It was customary to call the remaining part, TdS, of the internal energy, dU = dF+TdS, the gebundene Energie (bound energy), but this is not so common now.
  • The term bound energy helps to resolve one of the historic battles in thermodynamics [2].

References

  1. Kubo R (1976) Thermodynamics. An advanced course with problems and solutions. North-Holland Amsterdam, New York. -
  2. Gnaiger E (1994) Negative entropy for living systems: controversy between Nobel Laureates Schrödinger, Pauling and Perutz. In: What is Controlling Life? (Gnaiger E, Gellerich FN, Wyss M, eds) Modern Trends in BioThermoKinetics 3. Innsbruck Univ Press: 62-70. - »Bioblast link«


MitoPedia concepts: Ergodynamics