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...mical potential difference across the mtIM generated by the [[hydrogen ion pumps]] of the .

...I|CI]], [[CIII]] and [[CIV]] are H⁺ pumps that drive [[hydrogen ion]]s against the electrochemical [[protonmotive force]] ''pmF'' and thus gene == Hydrogen ion pump or proton pump ==

...ort lifetime in aqueous solutions. There H⁺ forms the hydronium ion H₃O⁺, which in turn is further solvated by water mole == Isotopes of the hydrogen ion ==

...ix space across the mitochondrial inner membrane (mtIM) through the proton pumps of the [[electron transfer pathway]] (ETS), which are known as respiratory ...⁺</sub> is the partial protonmotive force specific for hydrogen ion diffusion (d) irrespective of charge. The sign of the force is negative for

...and hands-on sessions. Discussions cover protocols for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide production [[Amplex red| (Amplex red)]], mt-membrane potential ([[ ...ction to basic concepts on mitochondrial membrane potential: proton pumps, ion gradients, electrochemical potential (proton motive force) and the measurem

[[File:Hydrogen ion circuit.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Figure 1.1. Coupling in oxidative phosphoryla :::# Mitchell P (1961) Coupling of phosphorylation to electron and hydrogen transfer by a chemi-osmotic type of mechanism. - [[Mitchell 1961 Nature |»