Step
|
State
|
Pathway
|
Q-junction
|
Comment - Events (E) and Marks (M)
|
1OctM
|
OctML(n)
|
F(N)
|
CETF
|
1OctM
- Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration.
- Low concentration of malate, typically 0.1 mM, does not saturate the N-pathway; but saturates the F-pathway.
- Non-phosphorylating resting state (LEAK state); LEAK respiration L(n) in the absence of ADP, ATP, AMP (no adenylates).
|
2D
|
OctMP
|
F(N)
|
CETF
|
1OctM;2D
- Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration.
- Low concentration of malate, typically 0.1 mM, does not saturate the N-pathway; but saturates the F-pathway.
- OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state.
|
3G
|
OctGMP
|
FN
|
CETF&I
|
1OctM;2D;3G
- Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. & NADH-linked substrates (type N-pathway to Q).
- Respiratory stimulation by simultaneous action of the F-pathway and N-pathway with convergent electron flow in the FN-pathway for evaluation of an additive or inhibitory effect of F.
- OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state.
|
4S
|
OctGMSP
|
FNS
|
CETF&CI&II
|
1OctM;2D;3G;4S
- Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid, FA, in the presence of malate, M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the F-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. & NADH-linked substrates (type N-pathway to Q). & Succinate, S ( type S-pathway to Q).
- Respiratory stimulation by simultaneous action of the F-pathway, N-pathway, and S-pathway, with convergent electron flow in the FNS-pathway for reconstitution of TCA cycle function and additive or inhibitory effect of F.
- OXPHOS capacity P (with saturating [ADP]), active OXPHOS state.
|
5Rot
|
SP
|
S
|
CII
|
1OctM;2D;3G;4S;5Rot
|
6Omy
|
SL(Omy)
|
S
|
CII
|
1OctM;2D;3G;4S;5Rot;6Omy
- Succinate, S ( type S-pathway to Q).
- Non-phosphorylating resting state (LEAK state); LEAK-respiration, L(Omy), after blocking the ATP synthase with oligomycin.
|
7U
|
SE
|
S
|
CII
|
1OctM;2D;3G;4S;5Rot;6Omy;7U
|
8Ama
|
ROX
|
|
|
1OctM;2D;3G;4S;5Rot;6Omy;7U;8Ama
- Rox is the residual oxygen consumption in the ROX state, due to oxidative side reactions, estimated after addition of antimycin A (inhibitor of CIII). Rox is subtracted from oxygen flux as a baseline for all respiratory states, to obtain mitochondrial respiration (mt).
|